{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:55:31Z","timestamp":1792598131805,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pancreatitis is a frequent disease in cats for which the ante-mortem diagnosis remains challenging. Feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) has been reported to have a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to compare the rapid in-house test SNAP fPL with the standard test Spec fPL and to evaluate the use of SNAP fPL to diagnose pancreatitis in an emergency setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>fPLI of 111 cats with a clinical suspicion of pancreatitis was measured with both SNAP fPL and Spec fPL. Furthermore, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical changes, and abdominal ultrasound findings were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-eight of 111 cats (70.3%) were tested below the cut-off level for pancreatitis with SNAP, as well as Spec fPL, whereas 21\/111 (18.9%) were tested with values above the cut-off level with both tests. In 12\/111 (10.8%) cats the results were discordant. The comparison of both tests revealed an agreement of 78\/80 (97.5%) when Spec fPL was \u2a7d3.5 \u03bcg\/l (negative) and 18\/20 (90%) when Spec fPL was \u2a7e5.4 \u03bcg\/l (positive). The most common clinical signs in cats with suspected pancreatitis (n = 21) were lethargy (95.2%), reduced appetite and vomiting (90.5% each), dehydration (81.0%), diarrhoea (57.1%), abdominal pain and weight loss (47.6% each). Hyperglycaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia (85.7% each), increased aspartate transaminase (76.2%) and alanine transaminase (47.6%), leucocytosis (61.9%), lymphopenia (57.1%), decreased sodium and chloride (57.1% each), and increased urea (52.4%) were the most common abnormalities in blood work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical signs, as well as routine blood-work changes, were non-specific and thus proved to be insufficient to diagnose pancreatitis. The combination of SNAP fPL and subsequent Spec fPL, if indicated, provided the opportunity to rule out or to diagnose pancreatitis with a higher certainty than previously known test methods. This study proved SNAP fPL to be a valuable tool to exclude or include pancreatitis in an emergency setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x18796624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T10:53:12Z","timestamp":1536144792000},"page":"700-707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Diagnosis of feline pancreatitis with SNAP fPL and Spec fPL"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0079-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Schnau\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic, Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Hanisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic, Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwan Anton","family":"Burgener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animals and Horses, Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, VetMedUni Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-1-39"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14523186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2008.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Small animal gastroenterology: exocrine panceas","author":"Steiner JM","year":"2008","unstructured":"SteinerJM. Exocrine pancreas. In: Steiner JM (ed). Small animal gastroenterology: exocrine panceas. Hannover: Schl\u00fctersche, 2008, pp 283\u2013306."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1993.tb03165.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2001.tb00418.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.11.1966"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"309","article-title":"Development and analytical validation of a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in serum","volume":"68","author":"Steiner JM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Steiner JM, Wilson BG, Williams DA. Development and analytical validation of a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in serum. Can J Vet Res 2004; 68: 309\u2013314.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02626.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2012.00458.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00951.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"799","volume-title":"Canine and feline gastroenterology","author":"Washabau RJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Washabau RJ, Day MJ. Diagnostic evaluation of the pancreas. In: Washabau RJ, Day MJ (eds). Canine and feline gastroenterology. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2013, pp 799\u2013848."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"August JR. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis. In: August JR (ed). Consultations in feline internal medicine. St Louis MO: Elsevier Saunders 2005 pp 109\u2013119.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-160423-4\/50015-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"IDEXX Laboratories. SNAP fPLTM-Test. http:\/\/www.idexx.com.tw\/pdf\/zh_tw\/smallanimal\/snap\/fpl\/snap-fpl-algorithm.pdf (2011 accessed March 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.9.1238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"IDEXX Laboratories. Clinical guidance on feline pancreatitis. https:\/\/ca.idexx.com\/pdf\/en_ca\/smallanimal\/education\/spec-fpl-algorithm.pdf (accessed March 2015)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X18796624","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X18796624","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X18796624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:26:04Z","timestamp":1792596364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X18796624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X18796624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x18796624","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]}}}