{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:42:29Z","timestamp":1792453349045,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether Australian cat owners are effectively meeting their cats\u2019 environmental needs and to identify areas of deficiency that may have an impact on the cats\u2019 health and welfare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online survey investigating lifestyle factors and provision of environmental resources was distributed to Australian cat owners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 12,010 respondents, representing cat-owning households, completed the survey. Altogether, 45.5% were single-cat households and 54.5% were multi-cat households, with a mean number of two cats per household. In total, 46.3% of households contained indoor cats, 51.8% contained indoor\u2013outdoor cats and 1.8% had mostly outdoor cats. Dry food was the predominant food type in 59% of households and few respondents fed their cats in a manner that stimulates natural predatory behaviours. Altogether, 17.1% of households reported cats with urinary problems such as haematuria or urethral obstruction, and 19.8% reported inappropriate urination outside of the litter tray. The incidence of urinary problems was found to be significantly increased in multi-cat households, those with a low number of litter trays, less frequent cleaning of the trays of faeces and the use of crystal type litter. The veterinary clinic was the most common place to obtain advice about feeding and toileting management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increased number of Australian households now contain multiple cats that live restricted or indoor lifestyles. Despite the majority of respondents claiming to have a lot of knowledge about cats and obtaining veterinary advice, deficiencies were identified in toileting facilities and feeding practices, which raises significant welfare concerns. Urinary tract disorders are an important cause of morbidity, mortality and relinquishment and its presence was associated with inadequate toileting facilities. Ongoing education of cat owners and an increased effort by veterinarians to include basic husbandry in preventative care consultations is critical to improving the welfare of pet cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x19890189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T08:37:48Z","timestamp":1576485468000},"page":"898-906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The environmental needs of many Australian pet cats are not being met"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle T","family":"Lawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cat Clinic Hobart, Hobart, Australia"},{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritha M","family":"Langford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland\u2019s Rural College, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Feline Specialist Consultant, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Animal Medicines Australia. Pet ownership in Australia. Barton ACT: Animal Medicines Australia Pty Ltd 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stella JL. An investigation of environmental factors that affect the behavior and welfare of domestic cats (Felis sylvestris catus). PhD thesis Comparative and Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University 2013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13477537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"E4","article-title":"Environmental enrichment for indoor cats","volume":"32","author":"Herron ME","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herron ME, Buffington CAT. Environmental enrichment for indoor cats. Compend Contin Educ Vet 2010; 32: E4.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2014.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16643753"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16660451"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2015.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2015.1117976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2004.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15590867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14539092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327604JAWS0302_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani6030023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.5.722"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16643123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13491959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16685677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6296315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15594414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13481468"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(91)50031-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15587955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2006.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2003.tb12577.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X19890189","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X19890189","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X19890189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:52:37Z","timestamp":1784094757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X19890189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X19890189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x19890189","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]}}}