{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:23:04Z","timestamp":1788942184124,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to compare the sedative effects in cats administered acepromazine\u2013nalbuphine and acepromazine\u2013butorphanol, intramuscularly (IM) and intravenously (IV), and the occurrence of adverse cardiorespiratory effects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty-six cats were randomly divided into four groups and administered acepromazine (0.05\u2009mg\/kg) combined with nalbuphine (0.5\u2009mg\/kg) or butorphanol (0.4\u2009mg\/kg), IV (ACP-NAL\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n and ACP-BUT\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n groups, respectively) or IM (ACP-NAL\n IM<\/jats:sub>\n and ACP-BUT\n IM<\/jats:sub>\n groups, respectively). Sedation scores, ease of intravenous catheter placement (simple descriptive scale [SDS] scores), physiologic variables, venous blood gases and the propofol dose required for anesthetic induction were recorded.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Mild sedation was observed in all groups approximately 30\u2009mins after treatment administration (timepoint T1, prior to propofol administration). Sedation scores at T1 increased above baseline in all groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.05), but no significant difference was observed among groups. Dynamic interactive visual analogue scale sedation scores (range 0\u2013100\u2009mm) recorded at T1 were (median [interquartile range]): ACP-NAL\n IM<\/jats:sub>\n , 12 (10\u201312); ACP-NAL\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n , 11 (6\u201316); ACP-BUT\n IM<\/jats:sub>\n , 11 (7\u201314); and ACP-BUT\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n , 12 (7\u201319). Overall, SDS scores did not change from baseline at T1 and there was no significant difference among groups. The propofol dose did not differ among groups. Blood gases remained within the reference intervals for cats. Significant decreases from baseline were detected for all groups in systolic arterial pressure (SAP). Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD values at T1 were (mmHg): ACP-NAL\n IM<\/jats:sub>\n , 108\u2009\u00b1\u200913; ACP-NAL\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n , 102\u2009\u00b1\u200910; ACP-BUT\n IM<\/jats:sub>\n , 97\u2009\u00b1\u200913; and ACP-BUT\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n , 98\u2009\u00b1\u200921. Arterial hypotension (SAP <90\u2009mmHg) was recorded at T1 in 0\/11, 1\/13, 4\/11 and 5\/11 cats in groups ACP-NAL\n IM<\/jats:sub>\n , ACP-NAL\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n , ACP-BUT\n IM<\/jats:sub>\n and ACP-BUT\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n , respectively, and was further exacerbated after the induction of anesthesia with propofol.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n In healthy cats administered acepromazine\u2013nalbuphine and acepromazine\u2013butorphanol, IM and IV, the degree of sedation was mild regardless of the protocol and the route of administration. The main adverse effect observed was a reduction in arterial blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x20962754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T09:04:20Z","timestamp":1602493460000},"page":"540-548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sedative effects of acepromazine in combination with nalbuphine or butorphanol, intramuscularly or intravenously, in healthy cats: a randomized, blinded clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gabriela P","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8672-7830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo R","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9der J","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5684-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael C","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael K","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1031-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda VA","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella F","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-070202035-3.50005-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00736.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"867","article-title":"The effect of opioid and acepromazine premedication on the anesthetic induction dose of propofol in cats.","volume":"40","author":"Hall TL","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hall TL, Duke T, Townsend HGC, et al. The effect of opioid and acepromazine premedication on the anesthetic induction dose of propofol in cats. Can Vet J 1999; 40: 867\u2013870.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12447729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.6.844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kukanich B Wiese AJ. Opioids. In: Grimm KA Lamont LA Tranquilli WJ et al (eds). Lumb & Jones\u2019 veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. Hoboken NJ: Wiley Blackwell 2015 pp 207\u2013226.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421375.ch11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"438","article-title":"Analgesia and behavioral effects of butorphanol, nalbuphine, and pentazocine in the cat.","volume":"23","author":"Sawyer DC","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sawyer DC, Rech RH. Analgesia and behavioral effects of butorphanol, nalbuphine, and pentazocine in the cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1987; 23: 438\u2013446.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X17695891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Pharmacology and physiology in anesthetic practice","author":"Stoelting RK","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of injected and inhaled drugs. In: Stoelting RK, Hillier SC (eds). Pharmacology and physiology in anesthetic practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, pp 3\u201341."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Buxton ILO Benet LZ. Pharmacokinetics: the dynamics of drug absorption distribution metabolism and elimination. In: Brunton LL Chabner BA Knollmann BC (eds). Goodman & Gilman\u2019s: the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill 2011 p 12."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2018.1455541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X17709612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.12.1548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2020.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199301000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00143.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.7.1166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16663269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000117226.45704.65"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X20962754","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X20962754","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X20962754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:41:15Z","timestamp":1784094075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X20962754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X20962754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x20962754","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]}}}