{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:46:23Z","timestamp":1792590383260,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the maximal endotracheal insertion length by measuring the larynx to carina (L\u2013C) distance by means of CT. An additional objective was to establish certain anatomical landmarks to optimise the process of endotracheal intubation (ETI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head, neck and thoracic CT images from adult cats at a single referral hospital between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. After standardising and identifying key markers (larynx, carina and first rib) the L\u2013C, larynx to first rib (L\u20131R) and first rib to carina (1R\u2013C) distances were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-five adult cats were enrolled in the study, from which a total of nine different breeds were identified. The L\u2013C distance was 14.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009cm. This was longer in male (14.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009cm) than in female cats (13.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009cm). The first rib (1R) was 8.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009cm from the larynx and the mean 1R\u2013C distance was 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009cm. The carina was found within the fifth intercostal space in 93.3% (n\u2009=\u200942) of the cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The process of ETI in adult cats may be guided by using the L\u2013C and L\u20131R distance for a maximal and optimal endotracheal tube introduction, respectively. In addition, the maximal insertion length may be guided by estimating the position of the carina parallel to the fifth intercostal space.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x211052214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T18:26:49Z","timestamp":1634668009000},"page":"794-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimising endotracheal length in adult cats: a retrospective CT study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3251-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Medina-Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Downs Specialist Referrals (NDSR), Bletchingley, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Plested","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-2529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kata","family":"Veres-Nyeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.89880"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/laban0207-23","article-title":"Endotracheal intubation in the dog.","volume":"36","author":"Brown C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brown C. Endotracheal intubation in the dog. Lab Anim 2007; 36: 23\u201324.","journal-title":"Lab Anim"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/coan.2016.21.11.614"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreccr-2020-001109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Sura PA Durant AM. Trachea and bronchi. In: Tobias KM Johnston SA (eds). Veterinary surgery: small animal. 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