{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:07:17Z","timestamp":1784095637787,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary objectives of the study were to examine the diversity in facial conformation characteristics within a group of Persian (PER) and Exotic Shorthair (EXO) show cats, and to contrast the results to findings within a group of non-purebred domestic shorthair (DSH) and domestic longhair (DLH) cats. The secondary objectives were to determine the PER\/EXO show cat owners\u2019 perceptions of the breathing status of their cats, and to evaluate if remarks from the cat show judges concerning the cats\u2019 head and facial conformation were exclusively related to the aesthetic features of the cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-four PER and 12 EXO show cats were prospectively examined at five international cat shows, and 20 DSH\/DLH cats were examined at an animal hospital. Facial conformation characteristics were evaluated by examining photos of the cats. Owners of the PER\/EXO show cats answered a questionnaire concerning their cats\u2019 health status, and they were encouraged to send in the judges\u2019 score sheets from the cat shows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PER\/EXO show cats had higher diversity in facial conformation characteristics than the DSH\/DLH cats, and high incidences of hypoplasia of the nose leather (95%), the nose leather top positioned above the level of the lower eyelid (93%), moderate-to-severe stenotic nares (86%), epiphora (83%) and entropion (32%). Owners of 6\/76 PER\/EXO show cats stated that their cat had increased respiratory sounds and\/or trouble breathing at least once a week. The cat show judges\u2019 written comments were exclusively related to aesthetic features of the cats\u2019 head and facial conformation details.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypoplasia of the nose leather, high position of the nose leather top, stenotic nares, epiphora and entropion were common findings in the PER\/EXO show cats but not in the DSH\/DLH cats. Few of the cat owners perceived that their cat had problems related to the airways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x21997631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T05:17:18Z","timestamp":1614748638000},"page":"1089-1097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Facial conformation characteristics in Persian and Exotic Shorthair cats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4044-7029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin L","family":"Anagrius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dimopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna N","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura, Roslagen Animal Clinic, Norrt\u00e4lje, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Petterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Ljungvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0264.2003.00464.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2013.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0440243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"219","article-title":"Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs.","volume":"6","author":"Packer RM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Packer RM, Tivers M. Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs. Vet Med (Auckl) 2015; 6: 219\u2013232.","journal-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49317-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0181928","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181928","article-title":"Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs.","volume":"12","author":"Liu N-C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu N-C, Troconis EL, Kalmar L, et al. Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0181928. 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