{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:46:33Z","timestamp":1792590393995,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ear-tipping practices and the meaning of the ear tip in trap\u2013neuter\u2013return (TNR) programs have not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to report the frequency of common ear-tipping practices in the USA, to identify the most effective methods and to establish a foundation for ear-tipping practice standards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An anonymous 24-question survey was advertised from 4 to 20 October 2021 to individuals who participate in TNR programs that routinely perform ear tipping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 526 survey responses from individuals who participate in TNR programs, of whom 410 completed the survey. For ear-tip meaning, nearly 100% of respondents indicated that an ear tip meant that a cat had been sterilized. Several respondents answered that it also indicated rabies vaccination or socialization status, with 92 (22%) selecting both, 79 (19%) selecting rabies only and 50 (12%) selecting unsocial only. The majority of respondents tipped the left ear (81%), used a visual estimate to determine the cut (92%) and described the ideal silhouette as straight across (92%). The median percentage of cats where ear tips bled after initial hemostasis was 5% (interquartile range [IQR] 2\u201310), and the median percentage of negative feedback regarding the ear tip was 1% (IQR 0\u20135). In terms of weighted rank order, the most common feedback was that too much ear tip was removed (5.5), followed by a cat being ear tipped in error (4.7), persistent bleeding (4.2) and not enough ear tip being removed (4.2). Responses revealed heterogeneity regarding technique for both excision and hemostasis, as well as personnel performing the procedure. There were no significant associations between techniques and bleeding or negative feedback.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is variation in the methods for performing an ear tip, as well as what an ear tip signifies. Standards for this procedure would be helpful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x221105843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T04:16:00Z","timestamp":1656389760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ear-tipping practices for identification of cats sterilized in trap\u2013neuter\u2013return programs in the USA"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8895-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimee M","family":"Dalrymple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Distance Education Program in Shelter Medicine, Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren J","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Care &amp; Control, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department, Charlotte, NC, USA and Spay Neuter Clinic of the Carolinas, Charlotte, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5562-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael E","family":"Kreisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.112.6.129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"World Society for the Protection of Animals. Identification methods for dogs and cats. https:\/\/www.icam-coalition.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Identification-methods-for-dogs-and-cats.pdf (2017 accessed 29 October 2021)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119646006.ch16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15594995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15594996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Welfare aspects of identification and marking methods for domestic cats [article in German].","volume":"103","author":"Binder R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Binder R, Heizmann V, Troxler J. Welfare aspects of identification and marking methods for domestic cats [article in German]. Wien Tierarztl Monatsschr 2016; 103: 80\u201390.","journal-title":"Wien Tierarztl Monatsschr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"American Veterinary Medical Association. Free-roaming abandoned and feral cats. https:\/\/www.avma.org\/resources-tools\/avma-policies\/free-roaming-abandoned-and-feral-cats (2016 accessed 6 November 2021)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.2.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"American Association of Feline Practitioners. Identification of cats. https:\/\/catvets.com\/public\/PDFs\/PositionStatements\/Identification-of-Cats.pdf (2007 accessed 29 October 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Brown C. Special considerations for community cats at spay\/neuter clinics. https:\/\/www.aspcapro.org\/sites\/default\/files\/aspcapro-community-cats-sn-guide.pdf (accessed 6 November 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Best Friends Animal Society. Community cat programs handbook: managing stray and feral cats. https:\/\/resources.bestfriends.org\/article\/community-cat-programs-handbook-managing-stray-and-feral-cats (2020 accessed 6 November 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Alley Cat Allies. Community cat TNR protocol: eartipping. https:\/\/www.alleycat.org\/resources\/feral-cat-protocol-eartipping\/ (accessed 29 October 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Operation Catnip. Operation catnip ear-tip protocol. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LEueRX80gXQ (2016 accessed 6 November 2021)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Duration of immunity after rabies vaccination in dogs: the Rabies Challenge Fund research study.","volume":"84","author":"Dodds WJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dodds WJ, Larson LJ, Christine KL, et al. Duration of immunity after rabies vaccination in dogs: the Rabies Challenge Fund research study. Can J Vet Res 2020; 84: 153\u2013158.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25780"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2014.9.22691"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X221105843","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X221105843","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X221105843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:20:13Z","timestamp":1792588813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X221105843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X221105843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x221105843","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]}}}