{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:59:26Z","timestamp":1791460766617,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Discovery Grant of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","award":["RGPIN-2018-03831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2018-03831"]}]},{"name":"Zoetis Investment in Innovation Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study compared an opioid-free injectable anaesthetic protocol with or without multimodal analgesia in kittens undergoing ovariohysterectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, randomised, blinded, clinical trial, 29 healthy kittens (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD weight 1.55\u2009\u00b1\u20090.46\u2009kg; aged 10 weeks to 6 months) were included. Anaesthesia was performed with an intramuscular injection of ketamine (4\u2009mg\/kg), dexmedetomidine (40\u2009\u03bcg\/kg) and midazolam (0.25\u2009mg\/kg). In the multimodal group (MMG), cats (n\u2009=\u200914) received meloxicam (0.1\u2009mg\/kg SC) and intraperitoneal bupivacaine 0.25% (2\u2009mg\/kg), whereas the same volume of saline was administered in the control group (CG; n\u2009=\u200915). Atipamezole (0.4\u2009mg\/kg IM) was given 15\u2009mins after ovariohysterectomy. Postoperative pain was assessed using the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional feline pain assessment scale \u2013 short form. Rescue analgesia (buprenorphine 0.02\u2009mg\/kg IM in MMG\/CG and meloxicam 0.1\u2009mg\/kg SC in CG) was administered if pain scores were \u2a7e4\/12. Soft food intake (after 2 and 60\u2009mins) was evaluated at specific time points postoperatively. Statistical analyses were performed with linear models and post-hoc pairwise comparison with Benjamini\u2013Hochberg corrections ( P &lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of rescue analgesia was higher in the CG (n\u2009=\u200915\/15) than the MMG (n\u2009=\u20091\/14; P &lt;0.001). Pain scores at 1\u2009h, 2\u2009h and 4\u2009h postoperatively were higher in the CG (4.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8, 4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0 and 5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2, respectively) than in the MMG (1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0, 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 and 0.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8, respectively; P &lt;0.001). Food intake (%) at 1\u2009h postoperatively was higher in the MMG after 2 and 60\u2009mins (10.4\u2009\u00b1\u20099 and 71.9\u2009\u00b1\u200929, respectively) than in the CG (1.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092 and 13.9\u2009\u00b1\u20097, respectively; P &lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This opioid-free protocol using multimodal analgesia produced adequate postoperative pain relief, while almost eliminating the need for rescue analgesia in kittens undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Pain decreased food intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x231158582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T10:39:07Z","timestamp":1679395147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Randomised, prospective, blinded, clinical trial of opioid-free injectable anaesthesia with or without multimodal analgesia in kittens undergoing ovariohysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7692-9527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie","family":"Malo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice J","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne LM","family":"Ruel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5722-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz P","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0647-1068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathanael","family":"Lutevele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-585X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrine","family":"Marangoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-3950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Garbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8361-8794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo V","family":"Steagall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Centre for Companion Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1098612X231158582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.2.165"},{"key":"bibr2-1098612X231158582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13500431"},{"key":"bibr3-1098612X231158582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02525-x"},{"key":"bibr4-1098612X231158582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13503651"},{"key":"bibr5-1098612X231158582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.11.005"},{"key":"bibr6-1098612X231158582","first-page":"223","volume":"57","author":"Olson P","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"bibr7-1098612X231158582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1399"},{"key":"bibr8-1098612X231158582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2014.09.021"},{"key":"bibr9-1098612X231158582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2984\/66.2.7"},{"key":"bibr10-1098612X231158582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9090617"},{"key":"bibr11-1098612X231158582","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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