{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:35:22Z","timestamp":1792200922771,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015900","name":"OVC Pet Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein on proximal renal tubular epithelial cells that is increased in the urine of cats with acute kidney injury. The utility of measuring urine KIM-1 in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the relationship with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage are unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of KIM-1 concentrations in cats with different stages of CKD and investigate the relationship between urine KIM-1 and urine specific gravity (USG), urine protein and serum urea, creatinine, phosphorus, potassium and symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 74 cats with CKD were recruited prospectively from a first-opinion feline-only practice. Blood and urine samples were collected from all cats. The stage of CKD was determined as per IRIS guidelines. Urine KIM-1 concentration was determined with a previously validated lateral flow assay. KIM-1 was reported as a test:control ratio. The distribution of KIM-1 values in cats with CKD was determined, and the correlation between KIM-1 and other determinants of renal function was calculated. Urine KIM-1 was normalized to a USG of 1.035 and the analysis was repeated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cats with CKD had a median urine KIM-1 value of 0.1544 (range 0.038\u20130.540). The median KIM-1 values in cats with IRIS stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 CKD were 0.152 (range 0.113\u20130.512), 0.165 (range 0.038\u20130.540), 0.150 (range 0.037\u20130.448) and 0.140 (range 0.067\u20130.448), respectively. There were no differences in urine KIM-1 values relative to IRIS stage. Urine KIM-1 values were correlated with USG (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\u20092<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.482;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). An analysis of KIM-1 values normalized to USG resulted in similar findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urine KIM-1 values in cats with CKD were similar to those previously described in healthy cats. There was a moderately strong correlation between urine KIM-1 concentration and USG. Sequential measurement of KIM-1 in cats with progressive CKD may be informative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x251314778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T06:56:31Z","timestamp":1744700191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 in cats with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5928-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Kornya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Defarges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothee","family":"Bienzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16631234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X211001273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00285.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","article-title":"Baseline urinary KIM-1 concentration in detecting acute kidney injury should be interpreted with patient pre-existing nephropathy.","volume":"15","author":"Huang Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang Y, Tian Y, Likhodii S, et al. Baseline urinary KIM-1 concentration in detecting acute kidney injury should be interpreted with patient pre-existing nephropathy. Pract Lab Med 2019; 15. DOI: 10.1016\/j.plabm.2019.e00118.","journal-title":"Pract Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1219","article-title":"Understanding kidney injury molecule 1: a novel immune factor in kidney pathophysiology.","volume":"11","author":"Song J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song J, Yu J, Prayogo GW, et al. Understanding kidney injury molecule 1: a novel immune factor in kidney pathophysiology. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11: 1219\u20131229.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817690213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18812494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013070758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03489-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X241238923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"International Renal Interest Society. IRIS Staging of CKD (modified 2023). http:\/\/www.iris-kidney.com\/pdf\/2_IRIS_Staging_of_CKD_2023.pdf (2023 accessed 16 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2024.106262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X251314778","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X251314778","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X251314778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:33:32Z","timestamp":1784028812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X251314778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X251314778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x251314778","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"article-number":"1098612X251314778"}}