{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:26:58Z","timestamp":1777850818925,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of adipose tissue in the abdominal wall of obese cats and compare the injectate spread and spinal nerve staining after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block using lean (LBW) vs actual body weight (ABW).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four cat cadavers with a body condition score \u2a7e8\/9 were included. Cat 1 was dissected to identify the TAP and describe abdominal fat distribution. Cats 2 and 3 received a two-point ultrasound-guided TAP injection of 0.25\u2009ml\/kg\/point based on LBW and ABW, respectively. In cat 4, both hemiabdomens were randomly injected with the two volumes. Subsequent anatomic dissection assessed injectate distribution and the number of thoracic (T) and lumbar (L) spinal nerves stained \u2a7e1\u2009cm circumferentially.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean weight of the cats was 7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009kg and they had a body condition score of 9\/9. A thick layer of hypoechoic adipose tissue was observed ventral to the costal arch, between the rectus and transversus abdominis muscles, and a second thinner layer between the obliquus internus and transversus abdominis muscles. After crossing the adipose tissue, the ventral branches of spinal nerves lie in the fascial plane, superficial to the transversus abdominis muscle. LBW- and ABW-based injectate volumes stained the ventral branches from T12 to L1 and T11 to L1, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two separate layers of adipose tissues are localized superficially to the transversus abdominis muscle in obese cats. Identifying the transversus abdominis muscle and adipose layers is crucial for the success of the TAP block. Injectate volumes based on ABW may provide wider staining of thoracolumbar spinal nerves than LBW. Further randomized clinical trials are needed in obese cats using locoregional anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x251329326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T08:25:42Z","timestamp":1745915142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in obese cats: a preliminary cadaveric study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-3950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Garbin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Department of Clinical Sciences, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5722-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz P","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Department of Clinical Sciences, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo V","family":"Steagall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Department of Clinical Sciences, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01156-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2020.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119514183.ch19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.1055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"345","article-title":"Benefits of transversus abdominis plane block on postoperative analgesia after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"24","author":"Tian C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tian C, Lee Y, Oparin Y, et al. Benefits of transversus abdominis plane block on postoperative analgesia after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician 2021; 24: 345\u2013358.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.03.0037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1031345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","article-title":"Evaluation of the two-point ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for laparoscopic canine ovariectomy.","volume":"12","author":"Espadas-Gonzalez L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Espadas-Gonzalez L, Uson-Casaus JM, Pastor-Sirvent N, et al. Evaluation of the two-point ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for laparoscopic canine ovariectomy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. 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DOI: 10.1177\/2055116919855809.","journal-title":"JFMS Open Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X231154463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2021.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","article-title":"An anatomical, sonographic, and computed tomography study of the transversus abdominis plane block in cat cadavers.","volume":"12","author":"Garbin M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garbin M, Marangoni S, Finck C, et al. An anatomical, sonographic, and computed tomography study of the transversus abdominis plane block in cat cadavers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. DOI: 10.3390\/ani12192674.","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"WSAVA Nutrition Guidelines. Body condition score \u2013 cat. https:\/\/wsava.org\/global-guidelines\/global-nutrition-guidelines\/ (2020 accessed 10 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X241285519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.19.13545-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13101"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X251329326","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X251329326","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X251329326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:12:15Z","timestamp":1777500735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X251329326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X251329326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x251329326","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"article-number":"1098612X251329326"}}