{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T23:10:22Z","timestamp":1793747422363,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypocobalaminaemia (B12 &lt;400\u2009pg\/ml) and hypercobalaminaemia (B12 &gt;1000\u2009pg\/ml), describe the clinicopathological abnormalities and the diagnostic imaging findings in a referral population of cats in the UK, and identify the underlying disease processes associated with both conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study of cats that had their serum cobalamin concentration assessed between December 2016 and December 2023 at a single referral hospital; 216 cats were included. Patient outcome was established from the clinical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 76 (35%) cats had hypocobalaminaemia and 67 (31%) cats had hypercobalaminaemia. The most common diagnoses were chronic enteropathy (CE) in 39\/76 (51%) hypocobalaminaemic cats and 39\/67 (58%) hypercobalaminaemic cats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and high-grade lymphoma in 14\/76 (18%) hypocobalaminaemic cats and 11\/67 (16%) hypercobalaminaemic cats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.438). The most common clinical signs were chronic vomiting in 36\/76 (47%) hypocobalaminaemic cats and 24\/67 (36%) hypercobalaminaemic cats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), hyporexia in 40\/76 (53%) hypocobalaminaemic cats and 21\/67 (31%) hypercobalaminaemic cats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), and chronic diarrhoea in 12\/76 (16%) hypocobalaminaemic cats and 21\/67 (31%) hypercobalaminaemic cats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). The most common abnormalities identified on abdominal ultrasound were lymphadenomegaly and thickened intestines in 49\/76 (64%) hypocobalaminaemic cats and 28\/67 (42%) hypercobalaminaemic cats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0025). Median survival time was 274 days in the hypocobalaminaemic group and 711\u2009days in the hypercobalaminaemic group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). The hypocobalaminaemic cats exhibited significantly reduced survival time compared with hypercobalaminaemic cats (odds ratio 2.4 vs 0.4, respectively) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that cobalamin has limited diagnostic utility in differentiating between underlying disease processes; chronic diarrhoea and CE are more common in hypercobalaminaemic cats in contrast with the previous literature. Hypocobalaminaemia is associated with reduced survival in this cohort of cats; therefore, early cobalamin supplementation is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x251341539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T12:34:57Z","timestamp":1752496497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of hypocobalaminaemia and hypercobalaminaemia in a referral population of cats in the UK and its relevance to clinical presentation, diagnosis and prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-741X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Borgonovi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, DWR Veterinary Specialists, Six Mile Bottom, part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cambridgeshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Bayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, DWR Veterinary Specialists, Six Mile Bottom, part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cambridgeshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2020.105547"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","article-title":"Vitamin B12 in cats: nutrition, metabolism, and disease.","volume":"13","author":"Siani G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siani G, Mercaldo B, Alterisio MC, et al. Vitamin B12 in cats: nutrition, metabolism, and disease. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13: 1474. 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Prevalence and prognostic impact of hypocobalaminemia in dogs with lymphoma. J Am Med Assoc 2007: 1437\u20131441.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"611","article-title":"Diseases associated with hypercobalaminemia in dogs in United Kingdom: a retrospective study of 47 dogs.","volume":"62","author":"Da Riz F HP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Da Riz F HP, Ruiz G. Diseases associated with hypercobalaminemia in dogs in United Kingdom: a retrospective study of 47 dogs. Can Vet J 2021; 62: 611\u2013616.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0175-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Texas A and M University Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences GL. 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