{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:27:07Z","timestamp":1777850827530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["0612\/SBAD\/3628, 0614\/SBAD\/1586 and 0614\/SBAD\/1603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0612\/SBAD\/3628, 0614\/SBAD\/1586 and 0614\/SBAD\/1603"]}]},{"name":"Aesculap B. Braun"},{"name":"AniCura GmbH\u2013AniCura Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the failure loads and failure types of sutured feline skin samples using different sizes of nylon (polyamide 6\/6.6) suture material.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 88 skin samples from the lateral thorax and abdomen of 11 cadaveric cats were harvested using an hourglass-shaped template. In total, 80 samples from 10 cats were bisected and sutured with three simple interrupted sutures using randomly assigned nylon suture sizes (2-0, 3-0, 4-0 and 5-0 USP). Control samples remained intact. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed using a universal testing machine. Failure load and failure type were recorded and analysed. Failure mechanisms were classified as either suture material failure or tissue failure, with tissue failure defined as linear tears perpendicular to the suture line at the penetration site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Suture size significantly influenced failure load. No significant reduction in force was observed between 2-0 and 3-0 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.089), but all other pairwise comparisons showed significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;0.05). Load to failure decreased by 25.7% between 3-0 and 4-0, and by 40.0% between 4-0 and 5-0. Suture failure rates increased as suture size decreased, with failure occurring in 4\/20 samples for 3-0, 17\/20 samples for 4-0 and all samples for 5-0. A strong correlation was found between suture failure and suture size (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.000 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;0.001, Spearman\u2019s rank correlation), indicating a higher risk of breakage with smaller suture diameters. All 2-0 sutures failed because of tissue rupture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nylon 2-0 and 3-0 provided sufficient mechanical stability. Nylon 4-0 exhibited a high risk of suture breakage but may be suitable for thin-skinned areas with tension-relieving measures. Nylon 5-0 showed an unacceptably high failure rate and is not recommended for feline skin closure. Evidence-based suture selection guidelines could improve feline surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x251349707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T09:26:37Z","timestamp":1752830797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tensile strength testing in feline skin with different sizes of nylon suture material: a biomechanical in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8541-7415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Joos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AniCura Small Animal Specialists Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4715-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Bartkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1629-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hubert","family":"Jopek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Mechanics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-1484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Slunsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Chu C-C Von Fraunhofer JA Greisler HP. Wound closure biomaterials and devices. Boca Raton FL: CRC Press 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Veterinary surgery: small animal","author":"Schmiedt CH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmiedt CH. Suture material, tissue staplers, ligation devices and closure methods. In: Johnston SA, Tobias KM (eds). Veterinary surgery: small animal. 2nd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier, 2018, pp 210\u2013224.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Suture material and bacterial transport. An experimental study.","volume":"143","author":"Blomstedt B","year":"1977","unstructured":"Blomstedt B, Osterberg B, Bergstrand A. Suture material and bacterial transport. An experimental study. Acta Chir Scand 1977; 143: 71\u201373.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"431","article-title":"Effect of suture materials on bacterial survival in infected wounds. 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Equipment and surgical instrumentation. In: Williams JM, Niles JD (eds). BSAVA manual of canine and feline abdominal surgery. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2015, pp 18\u201331."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"B Braun Veterinary Surgery. 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