{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:04:00Z","timestamp":1784091840475,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University","award":["HEA_FF_68_051_3100_009]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEA_FF_68_051_3100_009]"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCHBV), belonging to the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Orthohepadnavirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genus and closely related to the human hepatitis B virus (HBV), is detected in domestic cats; however, its disease progression and pathological impact remain unclear. This study investigates the longitudinal dynamics of DCHBV infection in naturally infected cats over a period of up to 310 days after detection, focusing on blood parameters and viral load fluctuations, liver pathology and extrahepatic dissemination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 87 screened cats, four (4.6%) tested positive for DCHBV using quantitative PCR (qPCR). These cats were monitored longitudinally through repeated health checks, including viral load monitoring. After natural death, necropsy, histopathology, in situ hybridisation (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were conducted to assess lesion distribution and viral localisation. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were also performed on DCHBV-positive cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three of four DCHBV-positive cats exhibited persistent high viremia (&gt;7 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      genomic copies\/ml) for over 6 months. Despite sustained viremia, liver enzyme levels showed variable trends, with some cases maintaining normal alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels. Histopathological analysis revealed various degrees of interface hepatitis, consistent with immune-mediated liver injury. DCHBV DNA was most abundant in the liver and confirmed through qPCR, ISH and IHC. Viral DNA was also detected in extrahepatic tissue, including the spleen, lung and salivary glands. Complete genome sequencing confirmed clustering within genotype A, with low genetic variability. Coinfection with feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) was noted in two cats, which may influence host immune responses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent viremia and liver inflammation suggest DCHBV may contribute to hepatic pathology, likely influenced by host immune responses and coinfections. However, because of the limited number of cases and the presence of FeLV coinfection in some cats, firm conclusions cannot be drawn. These findings provide a foundational basis that warrants confirmation and expansion in larger cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x251359148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T11:47:42Z","timestamp":1757764062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longitudinal observation of chronic domestic cat hepadnavirus infection in cats with evidence of extrahepatic involvement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2835-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina Wahyu","family":"Wardhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitthichok","family":"Lacharoje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1895-8992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanit","family":"Kasantikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5148-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chutchai","family":"Piewbang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somporn","family":"Techangamsuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-915644"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588502200407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2023.109828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2023.2265172"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050269","article-title":"A novel hepadnavirus identified in an immunocompromised domestic cat in Australia.","volume":"10","author":"Aghazadeh M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aghazadeh M, Shi M, Barrs VR, et al. A novel hepadnavirus identified in an immunocompromised domestic cat in Australia. Viruses 2018; 10. DOI: 10.3390\/v10050269.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02700-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31020-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","article-title":"New insight in the pathobiology of hepatitis B virus infection.","volume":"1","author":"Dandri M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dandri M, Locarnini S. New insight in the pathobiology of hepatitis B virus infection. Gut 2012; 61 Suppl 1: i6\u201317.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2023.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.108999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1248445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.710701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1377327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01585-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387251339765"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","article-title":"Hepadnavirus infection in a cat with chronic liver disease: a multi-disciplinary diagnostic approach.","volume":"10","author":"Capozza P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Capozza P, Pellegrini F, Camero M, et al. Hepadnavirus infection in a cat with chronic liver disease: a multi-disciplinary diagnostic approach. Vet Sci 2023; 10. DOI: 10.3390\/vetsci10120668.","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47175-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.938154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9112-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-221763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06541.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.79"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v4112684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","article-title":"HBV\/HIV coinfection: impact on the development and clinical treatment of liver diseases.","volume":"8","author":"Cheng Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng Z, Lin P, Cheng N. HBV\/HIV coinfection: impact on the development and clinical treatment of liver diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8 . DOI: 10.3389\/fmed.2021.713981.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B and HIV coinfection.","volume":"31","author":"Corcorran MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corcorran MA, Kim N. Chronic hepatitis B and HIV coinfection. Top Antivir Med 2023; 31: 14\u201322.","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30914-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra031087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2.4.553"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infection in healthy cats in Thailand.","volume":"8","author":"Spri\u00dfler F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spri\u00dfler F, Jongwattanapisan P, Luengyosluechakul S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infection in healthy cats in Thailand. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8. DOI: 10.3389\/fvets.2021.764217.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.1601-1609"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X251359148","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X251359148","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X251359148","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:08:15Z","timestamp":1784088495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X251359148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X251359148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x251359148","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"article-number":"1098612X251359148"}}