{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:20:11Z","timestamp":1785162011725,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008562","name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["804127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["804127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sedative and echocardiographic effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) administered via intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) routes in cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This randomised, blinded crossover study involved eight healthy adult cats. Cats were randomly allocated to receive DEX 10\u2009\u03bcg\/kg via either the IN or IM routes. Sedation, mechanical nociception and muscle relaxation were subjectively assessed and physiological variables recorded at baseline and at 5 min intervals for up to 40\u2009mins after drug delivery. Echocardiography was performed 15\u2009mins after delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In both treatment groups, sedation assessment scores significantly increased compared with baseline values (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;0.05). At 25\u201335\u2009mins after delivery, only the IN group exhibited a significant decrease in mechanical nociception scores compared with baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026). DEX delivery via both routes resulted in significant reductions in pulse rate (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). In the IM group, mean arterial blood pressure measurements 35\u201340\u2009mins after delivery were significantly lower than baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012). Fractional shortening significantly decreased in both the IN and IM groups compared with baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.049, respectively). Both routes caused reductions in cardiac systolic function, with no significant difference between the two routes. Vomiting occurred in half of the IN group (4\/8) and in all cats of the IM group (8\/8), with a significantly lower incidence in the IN group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IN delivery of-DEX provided comparable sedation, increased tolerance to mechanical nociception and muscle relaxation effects while causing fewer adverse effects than IM-DEX. Both routes similarly reduced cardiac contractile function. Thus, IN-DEX at a dose of 10\u2009\u03bcg\/kg is a viable alternative to IM-DEX for sedation in healthy cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x251360418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T09:50:42Z","timestamp":1756979442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sedative and echocardiographic effects of intranasal or intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine in healthy cats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Zhaoyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Nanjing Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 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