{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:27:23Z","timestamp":1777850843198,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kenneth W. Smith Professorship in the Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012417","name":"college of veterinary medicine and biomedical sciences, colorado state university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fort Collins"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      species infections can be associated with intraocular inflammation in dogs and horses, there is limited information regarding the role these agents play in feline uveitis. The primary objective of this study was to report the prevalence of antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and the presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      species DNA in samples from cats with endogenous uveitis. The secondary objective was to assess for coinfections with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and eubacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum and aqueous humor (AH) samples from 37 cats diagnosed with endogenous uveitis that had been stored at \u201380\u00b0C were selected for this study based on sample availability. PCR assays for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and 16S eubacterial rDNA were performed on AH. Sera were evaluated for antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (microscopic agglutination test [MAT]),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (IgG ELISA) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (IgM and IgG ELISA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although sera from 2\/37 (5.4%) cats were positive for antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Pomona by MAT (1:100 titers), all AH samples were negative for DNA of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. One AH sample was positive for DNA of a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species but all were negative for DNA of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. Serum antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (21\/37, 56.8%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (7\/37, 18.9%) or multiple agents (5\/37, 13.5%) were common.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although the results of this study cannot be used to prove or refute\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      species as a cause of endogenous uveitis in cats, the detection of specific antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      Pomona in the sera of two cats suggests that a larger cohort of cats should be tested to further evaluate the hypothesis. The AH of one cat was positive for the DNA of a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and future studies should investigate if post-streptococcal uveitis syndrome can also be found in cats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x251409537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T12:37:16Z","timestamp":1765456636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of\n                    <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    species as a cause of endogenous uveitis in cats: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Haley E","family":"Jost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7901-7790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michala de Linde","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Lappin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"},{"name":"Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"258","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of feline uveitis.","volume":"23","author":"Powell CC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Powell CC, Lappin MR. 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