{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:33:26Z","timestamp":1790710406616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a modified perineal urethrostomy (PU) technique using preputial mucosa in male cats with recurrent urethral obstruction, and to assess the associated learning curve based on surgical proficiency and complication trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 30 male cats with recurrent urethral obstruction treated between 2019 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. The modified PU involved reconstruction of the urethral stoma using preputial mucosa with partial dorsal skin anastomosis to enhance tissue stability. Postoperative urinary function and complications were assessed at 10, 21 and 60 days, and up to 3 years in selected cases. Surgical proficiency was analysed through a cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis of operative time and complication incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All cats resumed voluntary urination within 48\u2009h of surgery, and none exhibited persistent dysuria or urinary incontinence. Minor wound dehiscence occurred in two (6.7%) cats, and one (3.3%) cat developed a stomal stricture that resolved with balloon dilation; however, no revision surgeries were required. No cases of peristomal dermatitis or increased bacterial cystitis were detected. The median surgical time decreased from 71\u2009mins in early cases to 54\u2009mins in later procedures, and the CUSUM curve demonstrated a consistent decline in complication frequency, indicating progressive procedural mastery. Compared with previously reported stricture rates in the range of 7\u20139% for conventional Wilson-type PU techniques, our findings suggest that this modified technique results in lower complication rates and enhanced reproducibility, even in primary care settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This modified PU technique incorporating preputial mucosa provides stable urinary patency, low complication rates and favourable cosmetic results. By minimising direct mucocutaneous tension and preserving mucosal integrity, this approach may reduce the risk of stomal stenosis and postoperative infection. The procedure demonstrates a short learning curve and appears to be a reliable, anatomically sound alternative for managing recurrent urethral obstruction in cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x251409567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:37:38Z","timestamp":1765543058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical evaluation of a modified perineal urethrostomy technique in 30 cats: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6772-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Shirai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirai Animal Hospital, Sakura, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(96)50079-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Urethral obstruction in male cats and urethrostomy","volume":"19","author":"Arikan N","year":"1993","unstructured":"Arikan N, Acar SA. Urethral obstruction in male cats and urethrostomy [in Turkish]. J Fac Vet Med Univ Istanbul 1993; 19: 39\u201347.","journal-title":"J Fac Vet Med Univ Istanbul"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(00)50040-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1971.159.12.1789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"Perineal urethrostomy in the cat: a retrospective study of complications.","volume":"14","author":"Smith CW","year":"1978","unstructured":"Smith CW, Schiller AG. Perineal urethrostomy in the cat: a retrospective study of complications. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1978; 14: 225\u2013228.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1983.tb00746.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(84)50007-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"903","article-title":"Preputial urethrostomy in the male cat.","volume":"145","author":"Christensen NR","year":"1964","unstructured":"Christensen NR. Preputial urethrostomy in the male cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1964; 145: 903\u2013908.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"1499","article-title":"Perineal urethrostomy in cats.","volume":"152","author":"Blake JA","year":"1968","unstructured":"Blake JA. Perineal urethrostomy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1968; 152: 1499\u20131506.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12935\/jvma1951.35.652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","article-title":"Effect of perineal urethrostomy on the length of the urethra of the cat: a cadaveric study.","volume":"13","author":"Shipov A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shipov A, Israeli I, Billet JP, et al. Effect of perineal urethrostomy on the length of the urethra of the cat: a cadaveric study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. DOI: 10.3390\/ani13182810.","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"76","article-title":"Overview of elastin levels in the prepuce of children with and without phimosis.","volume":"136","author":"Fauzie H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fauzie H, Fikri E, Ichwan M. Overview of elastin levels in the prepuce of children with and without phimosis. Int J Res Publ 2023; 136: 76\u201381.","journal-title":"Int J Res Publ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"404","article-title":"Chronic irritation of the respiratory mucosa in dogs induces squamous metaplasia with reduced mucociliary clearance.","volume":"24","author":"French SL","year":"1987","unstructured":"French SL. Chronic irritation of the respiratory mucosa in dogs induces squamous metaplasia with reduced mucociliary clearance. Vet Pathol 1987; 24: 404\u2013409.","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"50","article-title":"Histologic and ultrastructural changes in the respiratory mucosa of dogs with chronic respiratory disease.","volume":"54","author":"Cook AK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cook AK, Goldstein SD, Hanscom JL, et al. Histologic and ultrastructural changes in the respiratory mucosa of dogs with chronic respiratory disease. Vet Pathol 2017; 54: 50\u201358.","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"895","article-title":"The effects of perineal urethrostomy on urethral function in male cats.","volume":"9","author":"Gregory CR","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gregory CR. The effects of perineal urethrostomy on urethral function in male cats. Compend Contin Educ Vet 1987; 9: 895\u2013899.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0420218"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X251409567","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X251409567","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X251409567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:12:42Z","timestamp":1777500762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X251409567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X251409567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x251409567","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"article-number":"1098612X251409567"}}