{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:53:12Z","timestamp":1793134392145,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011179","name":"Cornell Feline Health Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011179","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"Morris Animal Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D25FE-713 and D25FE-706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D25FE-713 and D25FE-706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is widely acknowledged to gain pathogenicity within the host to cause the lethal disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Most FIP cases are caused by viruses in genotype 1 (FCoV-1) via an \u2018internal mutation\u2019 in the spike gene. Genotype 2 (FCoV-2) has risen to prominence based on the emergence of FCoV-23, a highly pathogenic novel variant from Cyprus that has a deletion in the N-terminus (domain 0) of spike. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of three cases of FCoV-2 in the USA: two (cats 344 and 346) from 2013 and one (cat 597) from 2016. Cats 344 and 597 exhibited clinical signs consistent with FCoV infection for at least 2 months. The third cat (cat 346), the daughter of cat 344, was euthanized shortly after showing signs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected a total of 20 tissue, fluid and fecal samples from the three cats. We characterized the FCoV-2 in these samples using whole-genome sequencing, genetic and phylogenetic analyses, and viral RNA quantification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the two cats exhibiting long-term signs of FCoV infection (cats 344 and 597) each had a distinct deletion in domain 0 of spike, which was present in all examined tissues. Cat 346, the daughter of cat 344, who displayed signs for only a short period, had an intact (or long) spike gene. Low RNA titers of the FCoV-2 with the short version of spike were detected in the feces of cats 344 and 597 (2.52\u20135.28 RNA copies\/\u03bcl).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data are consistent with a model whereby FCoV-2 displaying the long version of spike is transmitted between cats, whereas the short version is generated within each cat after a prolonged infection and spreads rapidly throughout the body. We suggest that the high pathogenicity of FCoV-2 is associated with an \u2018internal deletion\u2019 in the spike gene.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x261433664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:39:32Z","timestamp":1773225572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of within-host deletions in domain 0 of the spike gene of pathogenic feline coronavirus type 2 from the USA"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5310-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximena A","family":"Olarte-Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James A Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail B","family":"Schlecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly L","family":"Sams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James A Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura B","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James A Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary R","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; 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