{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:53:12Z","timestamp":1793134392608,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"Morris Animal Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#D18FE-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#D18FE-011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and treatable viral disease of cats for which there is no single, reliable ante-mortem diagnostic test. The goals of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values) of multiplex fluorescent immunocytochemistry (MF-ICC) for the diagnosis of FIP in clinical patients under field conditions, and to directly compare that accuracy to the diagnostic performance of other commonly used assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cats presenting with clinical signs compatible with FIP were enrolled at two academic veterinary teaching hospitals and tested using a combination of complete blood count, biochemistry, fluid analysis, cytology, MF-ICC, serology and RT-PCR. Antibodies against both feline coronavirus and vimentin, as well as a nuclear stain, were used for the MF-ICC assay. Outcomes were determined by necropsy with histopathology and immunohistochemistry, response to antiviral therapy and\/or clinical follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 84 cases comprising 58 cats with FIP and 26 without FIP (control cases) were included in this study. Using a threshold of one dual-expressing mononuclear cell or more, MF-ICC was found to have 77% sensitivity, 81% specificity, 92% positive predictive value and 53% negative predictive value in this cohort. Using a threshold of two or more dual-expressing mononuclear cells improved specificity but reduced both sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy. MF-ICC was more sensitive, but less specific, in effusion fluids over tissues. MF-ICC resulted in the highest overall diagnostic accuracy (78%) when compared with serology (75%), RT-PCR (69%) and serum albumin:globulin ratio (76%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MF-ICC is an imperfect test but is considered complementary to other commonly used ante-mortem diagnostic assays for FIP. It can be used alongside RT-PCR and other minimally invasive tests to build a case for FIP in an individual patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x261445145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T04:08:02Z","timestamp":1776226082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multiplex fluorescent immunocytochemistry is a complementary test for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis: a diagnostic clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha JM","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4300-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Cerna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin E","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"},{"name":"Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5146-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy M","family":"Novicoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nile L","family":"Stoltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Valentine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alora","family":"LaVoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly S","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PATHOGENS10091150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091847"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11111068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18758592"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0467-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X231194460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1422408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12912"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","article-title":"Unlicensed 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