{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T11:20:52Z","timestamp":1787484052047,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the intraoperative opioid-sparing effect of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) using low-concentration bupivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 28 cats scheduled for ovariohysterectomy and classified as American Society of Anaesthesiologists status I were enrolled and randomly allocated to either a bupivacaine (0.125%) and saline (BS) or bupivacaine (0.125%) and dexmedetomidine (1\u2009\u00b5g\/kg) (BD) group. The cats underwent ultrasound-guided QLB in sternal recumbency using the allocated solution. If heart rate or mean arterial pressure increased by 20% or more from baseline during surgery, fentanyl (2\u2009\u00b5g\/kg IV) was administered as rescue analgesia. Postoperative pain was assessed 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12\u2009h after extubation using the Short-Form UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale. Buprenorphine (0.02\u2009mg\/kg IM) was administered if the pain score was 4\/12 or higher.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cumulative intraoperative dose of fentanyl was significantly lower in the BD group (1\u2009\u00b5g\/kg [range 0\u20136]) than in the BS group (2\u2009\u00b5g\/kg [range 0\u20138];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.030). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the proportion of cats requiring intraoperative or postoperative rescue analgesia, postoperative pain scores at any time point, intraoperative physiological parameters or time-related variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>QLB performed in sternal recumbency using low-concentration bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine was associated with a modest reduction in intraoperative opioid requirements during ovariohysterectomy in cats. However, as this study design could not differentiate between the local and systemic effects of dexmedetomidine, further research is needed to clarify their relative contributions and determine the optimal adjunctive dose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x261473455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:29:58Z","timestamp":1784788198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraoperative opioid-sparing effect of a quadratus lumborum block using low-concentration bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4549-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Takusagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seibozaka Animal Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Takusagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seibozaka Animal Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Vet Surg Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12771\/emj.2025.00724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer BL. Introduction to fascial plane blocks. In: Campoy L Read MR (eds). Small animal regional anesthesia and analgesia. Wiley Blackwell 2013 pp.117\u2013125.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119514183.ch12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2023.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15152157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13243798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2021.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2020.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11010025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.03.0202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X241275277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15050618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3182580fd0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2025.844617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia. 7th ed. Mosby 2019 Neurophysiology pp.2\u201326."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rioja Garcia E. Local anesthetics. In: Grimm KA Lamont LA Tranquilli WJ et al (eds). Lumb and Jones\u2019 veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. 6th ed. Wiley Blackwell 2020 pp.526\u2013552.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119830306.ch29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181bbcc26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Development and validation of a body condition score system for cats.","volume":"25","author":"Laflamme D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Laflamme D. Development and validation of a body condition score system for cats. Feline Pract 1997; 25: 13\u201318.","journal-title":"Feline Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1648665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Fossum TW. Surgery of the reproductive and genital systems. In: Fossum TW (ed). Small animal surgery. 4th ed. Elsevier 2013 pp.2643\u20132887."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318182c26b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318221fcc9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104152"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"1058","article-title":"Incorporating methadone into companion animal anesthesia and analgesic protocols: a narrative review.","volume":"64","author":"Kerr CL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kerr CL, Swanton WE. Incorporating methadone into companion animal anesthesia and analgesic protocols: a narrative review. Can Vet J 2023; 64: 1058\u20131065.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15602738"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paranjape V Cital S. Nonopioid analgesia alternatives and locoregional blocks. In: Shelby AM McKune CM (eds). Small animal anesthesia techniques. 2nd ed. Wiley Blackwell 2022 pp.231\u2013275.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119710868.ch7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903020208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199212000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/acph-2017-0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aco.0000432511.08070.de"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1761450"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X261473455","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X261473455","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X261473455","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T10:49:21Z","timestamp":1787482161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X261473455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X261473455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x261473455","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"article-number":"1098612X261473455"}}