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This experiment was designed to examine the timed effects of morphine on the pain-induced BE response. Six groups of treatment mice (injected with morphine sulfate) and 6 groups of control mice (injected with saline) were exposed to an acute pain stimulus at 4-h intervals, and blood was collected. Plasma BE was analyzed using radioimmunoassay. Control mice showed a robust cir-cadian BE-response rhythm with a peak at 0000 and a nadir at 1200, whereas the BE response of mice that received morphine was arrhythmic. Animals that received morphine tolerated the noxious stimulus longer, but the analgesia varied with time of day. These results indicate that morphine abolishes the rhythmic BE response to pain and does not inhibit pain equally at all times of day. Morphine doses should be titrated to maximize the endogenous pain control system while achieving analgesia with decreased dosages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800403257166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,2]],"date-time":"2003-10-02T16:35:05Z","timestamp":1065112505000},"page":"105-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of Morphine and Time of Day on Pain and Beta-Endorphin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Natalie Ann","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne A.","family":"Farr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(82)90123-X"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Acute Pain Management Guideline Panel. 1992. 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