{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:07:25Z","timestamp":1790399245437,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011011","name":"Consejer\u00eda de igualdad, salud y pol\u00edticas sociales\u201d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI0523-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI0523-2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Research For Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D has immunosuppressive properties and is considered a therapeutic option, although there is controversy about the role of this vitamin in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and their potential association with disease activity, damage accrual, SLE-related clinical manifestations, and cardiovascular risk factors in SLE patients. A cross-sectional study of 264 patients was conducted (89.4% females; mean age 46.7 \u00b1 12.9 years). The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2 K) and the SDI Damage Index were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. The mean 25(OH)D value was 25.1 \u00b1 13.0 ng\/ml. Eleven patients (4.2%) had 25(OH)D &lt;10 (deficiency) and 178 patients (70.6%) had 25(OH)D &lt;30 (insufficiency). In the 25(OH)D deficiency group, SLEDAI was significantly higher than the insufficiency ( p = 0.001) and normal groups ( p &lt; 0.001). Also, patients with vitamin D deficiency presented significantly higher SDI scores than patients with 25(OH)D insufficiency ( p = 0.033) and 25(OH)D normal levels ( p = 0.029). There is a high prevalence of both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Caucasian SLE patients and this status was associated with higher SLEDAI and SDI scores, supporting the impact of vitamin D levels on disease activity and damage accrual in SLE patients. Longitudinal studies on the relationship between vitamin D status and disease activity and progression are therefore required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800420983596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T02:36:02Z","timestamp":1609382162000},"page":"455-463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Disease Activity and Damage Accrual in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9165-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Correa-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2720-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Pocovi-Gerardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9-Luis","family":"Callejas-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sist\u00e9micas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"R\u00edos-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sist\u00e9micas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00edn-Amada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sist\u00e9micas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario de Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Gracia","family":"Cruz-Caparr\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sist\u00e9micas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Poniente, Carretera de Almerimar, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"DelOlmo-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto","family":"Ortego-Centeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sist\u00e9micas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0263-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"Rueda-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1099800420983596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/IMI.S40035"},{"key":"bibr2-1099800420983596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb"},{"key":"bibr3-1099800420983596","unstructured":"ADRASE\u2014Access to Spanish solar radiation data\u2014Mainland Spain and Balearic Islands. 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