{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:23:05Z","timestamp":1784611385532,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106-2314-B-038-013-MY3 and 109-2314-B-038-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106-2314-B-038-013-MY3 and 109-2314-B-038-110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Research For Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Gout arthritis is an autoinflammatory arthritis that generates chronic long-term pain. Pain impacts physical activities, joint mobility, stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Cold-water immersion therapy reduces inflammation and pain associated with gout arthritis. However, cold-water immersion therapy has not been conducted among people worldwide with gout arthritis. Objective: To investigate the cold-water immersion intervention on pain, joint mobility, physical activity, stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life among acute gout patients. Methods: A community-based randomized control trial design with two parallel-intervention groups: a cold-water immersion group (20\u201330\u00b0C 20\u00a0minutes\/day for 4\u00a0weeks) and a control group. In total, 76 eligible participants in Tomohon City, Indonesia, were recruited using a multi-stage sampling method and were randomly assigned using block randomization. A generalized estimating equation model was used to analyze the results (coef. \u03b2) and produce 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A path analysis was used to analyze mediating effects. Results: Significant pain alleviation ( \u03b2 = \u22122.06; \u22122.42), improved joint mobility ( \u03b2 = 1.20, 1.44), physical activity ( \u03b2 = 2.05, .59), stress ( \u03b2 = \u22121.25; \u22121.35), anxiety ( \u03b2 = \u2212.62; \u22121.37), and quality of life ( \u03b2 = 5.34; 9.93) were detected after cold-water immersion at the second-week, and were maintained to the fourth-week time point, compared to pre-intervention and the control group. Depression ( \u03b2 = \u22121.80) had decreased by the fourth week compared to the pre-test and control group. Cold-water immersion directly mediated alleviation of pain ( \u03b2 = \u2212.46, p \u2264 .001) and to promote the quality of life ( \u03b2 = .16, p = .01). Conclusions: Cold-water immersion decreased pain, stress, anxiety, and depression, and increased joint mobility, physical activity, and quality of life. It mediated alleviation of pain to increase the quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004211063547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T02:17:27Z","timestamp":1642040247000},"page":"245-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cold Water Immersion Directly and Mediated by Alleviated Pain to Promote Quality of Life in Indonesian with Gout Arthritis: A Community-based Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6460-838X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Dyah","family":"Kurniasari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Monsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuen Fu","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chyn Yng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Medical Examination Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1137-9274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiu Ting","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10998004211063547","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex421"},{"key":"bibr2-10998004211063547","first-page":"46","volume":"21","author":"Ahmad A. 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