{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1777470259036,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106-2314-B-038-013-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2314-B-038-013-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Most 109-2314-B-038-110-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Most 109-2314-B-038-110-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Research For Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gout is triggered by high urate levels and causes inflammation, pain, and an impaired quality of life. Immersion in water at 20\u201330\u00b0C reduces inflammation and pain in arthritis. Yet, relationships of immersion in water at 20\u201330\u00b0C with urate levels and the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome have never been clarified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to investigate the effects of immersion in water at 20\u201330\u00b0C on urate levels, the NLRP1 inflammasome, pain, and quality of life among acute gout patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community-based randomized control trial design was used with 2 parallel-intervention groups: immersion in water at 20\u201330\u00b0C (20\u00a0min\/day for 4\u00a0weeks) group and a control group. In total, 76 eligible participants in Tomohon City, Indonesia, were assigned using block randomization. We analyze the results (coef. \u03b2) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a generalized estimating equation model. We analyzed mediating effects using a path analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant pain alleviation ( \u03b2 = \u22122.06 [95% CI = \u22122.67\u223c-1.45]; \u03b2 = \u22122.42 [95% CI = \u22122.97\u223c-1.87]) and improved quality of life ( \u03b2 = 5.34 [95% CI = 3.12\u20137.57]; \u03b2 = 9.93 [95% CI = 7.02\u201312.83]) were detected at 2 and 4\u00a0weeks of follow-up compared to the pre-test and control group. Urate levels ( \u03b2 = \u22120.34 [95% CI = \u22120.52\u223c-0.16]) were reduced at the 2-week follow-up, but there was no significant change in the NLRP1 inflammasome compared to the pre-test and control group after immersion in water at 20\u201330\u00b0C. Both the NLRP1 inflammasome ( \u03b2 = \u22120.48 [95% CI = \u22120.63\u223c-0.34]); water 0.01) and urate levels ( \u03b2 = \u22120.11 [95% CI = \u22120.24\u223c-0.03]; p &lt; 0.01) had partial indirect (mediating) effects on the link between immersion in water at 20\u201330\u00b0C and pain at the 4-week follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immersion in water at 20\u201330\u00b0C significantly decreased pain and increased the quality of life. Immersion in water at 20\u201330\u00b0C mediated NLRP1 and urate levels to decrease pain, although it had no significant effect on the NLRP1 inflammasome concentration after 4\u00a0weeks of follow-up and reduced urate levels only at 2\u00a0weeks after immersion in water at 20\u201330\u00b0C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004221132843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T21:30:56Z","timestamp":1665178256000},"page":"267-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immersion in Water Between 20-30\n                    <sup>o<\/sup>\n                    C Mediated Inflammations Marker to Reduced Pain Among Indonesian With Gout Arthritis: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6460-838X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Dyah","family":"Kurniasari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Indonesia"},{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0457-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferry Fredy","family":"Karwur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosiana Eva","family":"Rayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya Wen","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sri","family":"Yuliana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Yahya Health Science Institute of Bima, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nae Fang","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuei Ru","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia Jung","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1137-9274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiu Ting","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10998004221132843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex421"},{"key":"bibr2-10998004221132843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588"},{"key":"bibr3-10998004221132843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802012000500015"},{"key":"bibr4-10998004221132843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2013.4"},{"key":"bibr5-10998004221132843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-6-63"},{"key":"bibr6-10998004221132843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1585-0"},{"key":"bibr7-10998004221132843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"bibr8-10998004221132843","unstructured":"Fenando A., Widrich J. 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