{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:45:10Z","timestamp":1777470310811,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Research For Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HPA-axis is programmed during early infancy, but a lot is unknown about the programming of the HPA-axis in prematurely born or small for gestational age (SGA) children. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the influence of prematurity and variables associated with birth on cortisol levels in young children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cortisol was measured in a cross-sectional design in 38 premature born participants (&lt;37\u00a0weeks of gestation), aged between 3 \u2013 9\u00a0years old. Correlates of prematurity (degree of prematurity and birth delivery route) were investigated in relationship with cortisol levels with regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corrected for sex, delivery by C-section was associated with lower cortisol levels in the children ( \u00df = \u2212.42, p = .028), with an explained variance of 34%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Birth delivery route by C-section is associated with lowered (or flattened) cortisol levels in children born prematurely. This is clinically relevant and might have important implications, because an HPA-axis disturbance might lead to developmental problems later on in life. However, future research is necessary to investigate the underlying indications for performing a C-section, which will help to understand factors that influence the HPA-axis development in children born prematurely.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004231209429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T20:30:58Z","timestamp":1697833858000},"page":"240-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Preliminary Study of Correlates of Premature Birth and Their Influence on Cortisol Levels in Young Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kloosterboer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabi\u00ebnne Bertina","family":"Anolda Naber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiltje","family":"Heyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Het Kleine Heldenhuis, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelique","family":"Hoffmann-Haringsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Het Kleine Heldenhuis, Rotterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, St Fransiscus Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5337-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor Markus","family":"Brunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Het Kleine Heldenhuis, Rotterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10998004231209429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20464"},{"key":"bibr2-10998004231209429","volume-title":"Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention","author":"Behrman R. 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