{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:43:18Z","timestamp":1789774998666,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Research Project of Universities in Jiangsu Province","award":["2022SJYB1180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SJYB1180"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Research For Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Frailty and chronic pain are closely related, but the causal relationship between them needs to be further explored with high-level evidence. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to analyse the bidirectional causal relationship between nine chronic pain disorders and two frailty indicators in this study.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We used Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect Estimates (CAUSE) as the primary method of analysis. The inverse-variance-weighted, simple model, weighted model, penalized weighted median and MR\u2012Egger regression methods were used to evaluate the robustness of the results.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The frailty index (FI) was significantly associated with the number of chronic pain sites (multisite chronic pain, MCP,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>adjust<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; .001) and the risk of chronic widespread pain (CWP,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>adjust<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; .001). The Fried frailty score (FFS) was significantly associated with MCP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>adjust<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; .001), the risk of CWP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>adjust<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; .001) and chronic back pain (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>adjust<\/jats:sub>\n                    = .031). In the reverse analysis, both MCP and CWP were significantly positively associated with the FI (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>adjust<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; .001;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>adjust<\/jats:sub>\n                    = .003) and FFS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>adjust<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; .001;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>adjust<\/jats:sub>\n                    = .009).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study revealed a bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and chronic pain, with the number of pain sites playing a key role. This finding has significant implications for effectively managing frailty and chronic pain in older adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004251361789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T08:20:42Z","timestamp":1752826842000},"page":"630-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Causal Relationship Between Chronic Pain and Frailty: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4884-814X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanze","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs200"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10112847"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460336.31600.01"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad097"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab261"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft160"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.971997"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101515"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad256"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102082"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000528561"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","article-title":"The MRC IEU OpenGWAS data infrastructure.","author":"Elsworth B.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elsworth B., Lyon M., Alexander T., Liu Y., Matthews P., Hallett J., Bates P., Palmer T., Haberland V., Smith G. D., Zheng J., Haycock P., Gaunt T. R., Hemani G. (2020). The MRC IEU OpenGWAS data infrastructure. bioRxiv, Article 2020.08.10.244293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.08.10.244293","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.758639"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemani G. Zheng J. Elsworth B. Wade K. H. Haberland V. Baird D. Laurin C. Burgess S. Bowden J. Langdon R. Tan V. Y. Yarmolinsky J. Shihab H. A. Timpson N. J. Evans D. M. Relton C. Martin R. M. Davey Smith G. Gaunt T. R. Haycock P. C. (2018). The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. eLife 7(1) Article e34408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.34408","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-230252"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.10915"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008164"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karczewski K. J. Gupta R. Kanai M. Lu W. Tsuo K. Wang Y. Walters R. K. Turley P. Callier S. Shah N. N. Baya N. Palmer D. S. Goldstein J. I. Sarma G. Solomonson M. Cheng N. Bryant S. Churchhouse C. Cusick C. M. Martin A. R. (2024). Pan-UK Biobank GWAS improves discovery analysis of genetic architecture and resolution into ancestry-enriched effects. medRxiv Article 2024.03.13.24303864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.03.13.24303864","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.13.24303864"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen090"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68700-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16716"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02432-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4078\/jrd.22.0047"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-020-00382-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062566"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30070500"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05768-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0631-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa219"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000952"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prior J. A. Muller S. Helliwell T. Hider S. L. Barraclough K. Dasgupta B. Mallen C. D. (2019). The association of pain and stiffness with fatigue in incident polymyalgia rheumatica: Baseline results from the polymyalgia rheumatica cohort study. Primary Health Care Research & Development 20(1) Article e46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1463423619000082","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423619000082"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08291-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-219624"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00733-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy163"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03769.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00941-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001384"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14515"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00404-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly094"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2016.1178127"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","volume-title":"Integrated care for older people (ICOPE): Guidance for person-centred assessment and pathways in primary care","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2024). Integrated care for older people (ICOPE): Guidance for person-centred assessment and pathways in primary care (2nd ed.). World Health Organization. Retrieved from. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/380175?locale-attribute=en","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01612-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00771-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","article-title":"Contribution of pain to subsequent cognitive decline or dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"138","author":"Yuan H.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan H., Ahmed W. L., Liu M., Tu S., Zhou F., Wang S. (2023). Contribution of pain to subsequent cognitive decline or dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 138(1), Article 104409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2022.104409","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"}],"container-title":["Biological Research For Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10998004251361789","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10998004251361789","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10998004251361789","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:39:01Z","timestamp":1777383541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10998004251361789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10998004251361789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10998004251361789","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-8004","1552-4175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-8004","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]}}}