{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:47:04Z","timestamp":1777470424216,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Research For Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common musculoskeletal condition that negatively impacts pain, mobility, functional ability, and quality of life, especially in women. While aquatic and Pilates exercises each offer benefits, limited research has explored their combined effects in LDH rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effects of aquatic exercise alone versus a combination of aquatic and Pilates exercises on pain, spinal mobility, functional disability, and quality of life in women with mild to moderate LDH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized controlled trial, 45 women aged 30\u201350\u00a0years with MRI-confirmed mild to moderate LDH were assigned to one of three groups: control (n = 15), aquatic exercise (n = 15), and combined aquatic + Pilates exercise (n = 15). The intervention lasted eight weeks, with three supervised sessions per week. Outcomes were assessed using the Visual Numeric Scale (pain), Modified-Modified Schober Test (mobility), Oswestry Disability Index (disability), and SF-36 (quality of life). Data were analyzed using mixed-model ANOVA and Scheff\u00e9 post hoc tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both intervention groups showed significant improvements in all outcomes compared to the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001). The combined aquatic + Pilates group showed greater improvements in spinal mobility (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.027), functional disability (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.042), and quality of life (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.046) compared to the aquatic-only group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An eight-week program combining aquatic and Pilates exercises is more effective than aquatic exercise alone for improving pain, mobility, disability, and quality of life in women with LDH. This multi-modal, non-invasive approach may enhance clinical rehabilitation outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004251388995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T22:24:28Z","timestamp":1760480668000},"page":"195-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined Aquatic and Pilates Exercises Improve Pain, Mobility, Functional Disability, and Quality of Life in Women With Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8500-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afshin","family":"Moghadasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Payame Noor University"},{"name":"(PNU)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Payame Noor University"},{"name":"(PNU)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"The effect of hydrotherapy exercise program to rehabilitate the mild moderate lumbar disc herniation on females","volume":"94","author":"Alamaydeh B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alamaydeh B., Tinduh D., Novembri D. (2022). The effect of hydrotherapy exercise program to rehabilitate the mild moderate lumbar disc herniation on females. Journal Name, 94(1), 13.","journal-title":"Journal Name"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0185"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182114"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1075608"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a79618"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of pilates exercise combined with massage on chronic non-specific lower back pain","volume":"13","author":"Fei W.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fei W., Jianhua W., Yan S., Qingfan X. (2022). Therapeutic effect of pilates exercise combined with massage on chronic non-specific lower back pain. 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