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Research on plant-based diets and older adults is limited, especially when it comes to the overlap between the development of CVD and AD. This theoretical paper examines the relationships between PBDs, AD, and CVD through the integration of six theories and concepts: the vascular hypothesis, microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) theory, neurovascular unit (NVU) theory, antioxidant theory, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and mitochondrial dysfunction. 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