{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:01:13Z","timestamp":1785139273275,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 MH108894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 MH108894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH110427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH110427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99HG008689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99HG008689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Research For Nursing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Copy number variations (CNVs) are a major contributor to the etiology and phenotypic variability in schizophrenia. CNVs are also independently associated with certain neurological, cognitive, and behavioral conditions, yet their role in early neurodevelopment in the context of treatment-resistant schizophrenia remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of neurodevelopmental CNVs to early development among individuals with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). We conducted a structured, systematic, retrospective record review within a case-control analytic framework. Our cases were the group of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) CNV carriers (N = 25) identified in the Pennsylvania State Hospital (PASH) cohort of individuals with treatment resistant psychotic symptoms; non-CNV controls were demographically matched individuals with treatment resistant psychotic symptoms (N = 24) from the PASH cohort. We examined the differences in early NDD phenotypes between cases and controls. CNV carriers had a higher total NDD burden score compared to non-CNV controls (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2.20, unadjusted\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.03, adjusted\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.08). Learning disabilities were significantly more prevalent among CNV carriers compared to non-CNV controls (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 13.437, df = 1, unadjusted\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0002, adjusted\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0015), with 88% of CNV carriers having a history of learning disabilities relative to 38% of non-CNV controls. CNVs carriers with TRS had a higher prevalence of early NDDs compared to non-CNV controls, particularly in learning disabilities. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking CNVs, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, and disease progression in treatment resistant schizophrenia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004261471531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T04:34:47Z","timestamp":1784954087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurodevelopmental Impact of Copy Number Variants in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9809-5962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxin","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0771-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose Mary","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"},{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"},{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler E.","family":"Dietterich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Los Angeles"},{"name":"Translational Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew K.","family":"Harner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisinger Health System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martilias","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheyney University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin P.","family":"Szatkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita A.","family":"Shaughnessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick F.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Karolinska Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Josiassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143146"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003329416201100106"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.23.4.447.1228"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3092"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120827"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.64215"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_1","volume-title":"PsycTESTS dataset","author":"Endicott J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Endicott J., Spitzer R. 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