{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:41:16Z","timestamp":1780648876264,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the expression of cytokines\/chemokines in tears from patients with non-advanced primary open-angle glaucoma and patients with non-severe dry eye disease versus healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, observational cohort study enrolled patients with confirmed or suspected non-advanced primary open-angle glaucoma who received any prostaglandin analogue monotherapy for longer than 6\u2009months, patients with non-severe dry eye disease, and healthy controls. Expression of interleukin-1\u03b2, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12; tumor necrosis factor \u03b1; vascular endothelial growth factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; and interferon \u03b3 was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>107 participants were enrolled (primary open-angle glaucoma, n\u2009=\u200941; dry eye disease, n\u2009=\u200930; and healthy controls, n\u2009=\u200936). Compared with healthy controls, interleukin-6 was significantly higher ( p\u2009=\u20090.0001) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and interleukin-1\u03b2 ( p\u2009=\u20090.0144), interleukin-6 ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and interleukin-10 ( p\u2009=\u20090.0392) were higher in patients with dry eye disease. Compared with patients with dry eye disease, patients with primary open-angle glaucoma had significantly lower levels of interleukin-4 (21.79 vs 20.18\u2009pg\/mL; p\u2009=\u20090.0012) and significantly higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (367.75 vs 609.28\u2009pg\/mL; p\u2009=\u20090.0058), tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (14.27 vs 17.93\u2009pg\/mL; p\u2009=\u20090.0048), and interleukin-6 (17.95 vs 27.48\u2009pg\/mL; p\u2009=\u20090.0145). In patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, interleukin-1\u03b2 expression ( p\u2009=\u20090.0011) was lower than in those who received intraocular pressure\u2013lowering eye drops without preservatives compared with those who received eye drops with preservatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Different cytokine\/chemokine expression profiles in tears of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and dry eye disease strongly suggest the involvement of a variety of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of these ophthalmic processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672118795399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T05:57:48Z","timestamp":1535954268000},"page":"437-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Cytokine expression in tears of patients with glaucoma or dry eye disease: A prospective, observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Benitez-del-Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Cantu-Dibildox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia M","family":"Sanz-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Research Unit \u201cSantiago Grisolia\u201d and FISABIO, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmobiology Unit, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Zan\u00f3n-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Research Unit \u201cSantiago Grisolia\u201d and FISABIO, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmobiology Unit, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"Pinazo-Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Research Unit \u201cSantiago Grisolia\u201d and FISABIO, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmobiology Unit, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804630"},{"key":"bibr2-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.532"},{"key":"bibr3-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.6.819"},{"key":"bibr4-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539"},{"key":"bibr5-1120672118795399","first-page":"S79","volume":"14","author":"Perry HD.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr6-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0181-5512(07)89557-X","volume":"30","author":"Labb\u00e9 A","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"bibr7-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2010.488568"},{"key":"bibr8-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000220776.93852.d9"},{"key":"bibr9-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17925\/EOR.2013.07.01.31"},{"key":"bibr10-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31815c5f4f"},{"key":"bibr11-1120672118795399","first-page":"785","volume":"9","author":"Lemij HG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr12-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90116-1"},{"key":"bibr13-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008033430506"},{"key":"bibr14-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.01.009"},{"key":"bibr15-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.364"},{"key":"bibr16-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.097683"},{"key":"bibr17-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.10.018"},{"key":"bibr18-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2151-0"},{"key":"bibr19-1120672118795399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.008"},{"key":"bibr20-1120672118795399","unstructured":"Hodapp E, Parrish RKI, Anderson D. 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