{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:38:44Z","timestamp":1783359524387,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare efficacy of treat and extend (T&amp;E) versus fixed regimen treatment protocols in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing T&amp;E versus fixed regimen protocols for nAMD were systematically searched. Primary outcome was to compare the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change in T&amp;E regimen versus fixed regimen. Secondary outcomes were change in the mean optical coherence tomography (OCT) central retinal thickness (CRT) and mean number of injections. Standardized mean difference (SMD) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Random-effect models were used for meta-analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four RCTs were included, with a total of 649 and 621 eyes in the T&amp;E and fixed regimen cohort at 12\u2009months, and 267 and 249 eyes at 24\u2009months. Pooled analysis of mean BCVA change included all four RCTs at 12\u2009months and two RCTs at 24\u2009months, showing no difference between the two groups (12-month: SMD\u2009=\u20090.08, 95% CI: \u22120.20 to 0.35, p\u2009=\u20090.55; 24-month: SMD\u2009=\u20090.04, 95% CI: \u22120.13 to 0.21, p\u2009=\u20090.64). Pooled analysis of OCT CRT change at 12\u2009months included three studies, showing no difference between the two groups (SMD\u2009=\u20090.03, 95% CI: \u22120.46 to 0.51, p\u2009=\u20090.91). Pooled analysis of mean injection number included all four RCTs at 12\u2009months and two RCTs at 24\u2009months, showing significant difference between the two groups (12-month: SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.11, 95% CI: \u22121.67 to \u22120.56, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; 24-month: SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.34, 95% CI: \u22121.54 to \u22121.15, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A T&amp;E regimen proved as effective as a fixed dosage regimen throughout a 24-month follow-up and with a lower number of injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120964699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T06:05:54Z","timestamp":1603951554000},"page":"2496-2504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Treat and extend versus fixed regimen in neovascular age related macular degeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Fallico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Eye Unit, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Lotery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Unit, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresio","family":"Avitabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Bonfiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Castellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0795-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Pulvirenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Sicilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Eandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, Eye Clinic, University of Torino, Torino, Piemonte, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4253-1929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilda","family":"Cennamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Campania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Furino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2938-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Cicinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Alovisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, Eye Clinic, University of Torino, Torino, Piemonte, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1368-6729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Reibaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, Eye Clinic, University of Torino, Torino, Piemonte, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062655"},{"key":"bibr2-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054481"},{"key":"bibr3-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306987"},{"key":"bibr4-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189035"},{"key":"bibr5-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.01.028"},{"key":"bibr6-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.12.019"},{"key":"bibr7-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61501-9"},{"key":"bibr8-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.11.031"},{"key":"bibr9-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.02.024"},{"key":"bibr10-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306987"},{"key":"bibr11-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.67"},{"key":"bibr12-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001142"},{"key":"bibr13-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.05.026"},{"key":"bibr14-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.09.050"},{"key":"bibr15-1120672120964699","unstructured":"American Society of Retina Specialists. Annual preferences and trends survey, 2014, http:\/\/www.asrs.org"},{"key":"bibr16-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.01.013"},{"key":"bibr17-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.5540"},{"key":"bibr18-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100"},{"key":"bibr19-1120672120964699","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Special topics in statistics. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (eds) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. https:\/\/handbook-5-1.cochrane.org\/index.htm#front_page.htm (accessed 29 April 2019)."},{"key":"bibr20-1120672120964699","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Sterne JAC, et al. Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, Chandler J, et al. (eds) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. https:\/\/handbook-5-1.cochrane.org\/index.htm#front_page.htm (accessed 29 April 2019)."},{"key":"bibr21-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181d87e04"},{"key":"bibr22-1120672120964699","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","volume":"4","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr23-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"bibr24-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13607"},{"key":"bibr25-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.07.014"},{"key":"bibr26-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.08.009"},{"key":"bibr27-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2016.12.004"},{"key":"bibr28-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310822"},{"key":"bibr29-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0300-3"},{"key":"bibr30-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S145732"},{"key":"bibr31-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.343"},{"key":"bibr32-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.10.006"},{"key":"bibr33-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.02.009"},{"key":"bibr34-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02493.x"},{"key":"bibr35-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.053"},{"key":"bibr36-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.67"},{"key":"bibr37-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.93"},{"key":"bibr38-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.141721"},{"key":"bibr39-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.179499"},{"key":"bibr40-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8071031"},{"key":"bibr41-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.4636"},{"key":"bibr42-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0576-y"},{"key":"bibr43-1120672120964699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201010"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1120672120964699","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1120672120964699","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1120672120964699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:43:35Z","timestamp":1777405415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1120672120964699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1120672120964699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1120672120964699","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]}}}