{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:33:03Z","timestamp":1777581183961,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular symptoms are uncommon manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Earlier study reported that dry eye, blurred vision, foreign body sensation, tearing, itching, conjunctival secretion, conjunctival congestion, ocular pain, and photophobia are among the ocular symptoms that could be found in COVID-19 patients. However, there are only a few reports available regarding corneal involvement in this disease. Here we report a case of keratoconjunctivitis as the only symptom of COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case description:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 27-year-old man who worked as an obstetrics and gynecology resident came to the outpatient clinic with the chief complaints of eye discomfort, foreign body sensation, conjunctival hyperemia, lacrimation, and photophobia in his right eye for the past 3\u2009weeks. Fluorescence test showed a small corneal lesion. The patient was then diagnosed with keratoconjunctivitis. A week after the treatment, all symptoms were resolved. A month later, the patient came to the emergency room with the same eye complaints but with a more severe pain. The fluorescence test showed wider corneal lesion compared to last month. The result from the corneal swab is negative for bacterial or fungal infection, indicating a viral infection. Afterwards, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test from nasopharyngeal swab was performed and revealed that the patient was positive for COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case report showed that keratoconjunctivitis may occur as the only manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Thus, patient presented with unexplainable eye symptoms should be evaluated for COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211006583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T02:36:32Z","timestamp":1617071792000},"page":"NP17-NP21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Recurrent keratoconjunctivitis as the sole manifestation of COVID-19 infection: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Satria Audi","family":"Hutama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5628-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firas Farisi","family":"Alkaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan Enast","family":"Intan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Citra Dewi","family":"Maharani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga \u2013 Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luki","family":"Indriaswati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga \u2013 Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismi","family":"Zuhria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga \u2013 Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11206721211006583","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19), https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/events-as-they-happen (2020, accessed 4 October 2020)."},{"key":"bibr2-11206721211006583","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000563","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000563","volume":"5","author":"Nora RLD","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr3-11206721211006583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14472"},{"key":"bibr4-11206721211006583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01370-6"},{"key":"bibr5-11206721211006583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2020.03.003"},{"key":"bibr6-11206721211006583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2020.100735"},{"key":"bibr7-11206721211006583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.013"},{"key":"bibr8-11206721211006583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291"},{"key":"bibr9-11206721211006583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.03.010"},{"key":"bibr10-11206721211006583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316304"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721211006583","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721211006583","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721211006583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:44:14Z","timestamp":1777405454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721211006583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721211006583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721211006583","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]}}}