{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:26:35Z","timestamp":1789007195811,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening recessive genetic disease in Caucasians, affecting primarily the lungs. The objective of our study was to investigate potential ophthalmologic involvement in adult patients with CF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty adult patients with cystic fibrosis and 60 age- and sex-matched controls underwent complete ophthalmologic examination including tear-film Break-Up Time (BUT), Macular Thickness, and peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (pRNFL) thickness measurements using Spectral Domain-OCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CF patients had significantly lower nasal-inferior pRNFL thickness (median 82 IQR 67\u2013102 vs 92.5 IQR 82\u2013107, p\u2009=\u20090.005) and lower percentage of normal tear Break-Up Time (56.0% vs 96.7%, p\u2009=\u20090.001) than healthy controls. All CF patients with BUT &lt;10\u2009s were diagnosed with blepharitis at the time of our assessement. The subgroup of patients homozygous for the most common CF mutation, F508del, had lower nasal-inferior pRNFL thickness ( p\u2009=\u20090.014) and lower percentage of normal tear Break-Up Time ( p\u2009=\u20090.001) compared to the control group. Additional findings, present in the CF group only, were punctuate retinal hemorrhages (four patients), vessel tortuosity (four patients), snail-track degeneration, and retinal tufts (two patients without refractive error). There were no significant differences in visual acuity, refractive errors, gonioscopic findings, or intraocular pressure between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest ophthalmologic study of patients with cystic fibrosis. We found that CF patients had significantly decreased inferior-quadrant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and decreased tear-film break-up time compared to controls. We highlight the importance of careful regular ophthalmologic assessment and follow-up of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211008780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T01:19:02Z","timestamp":1617931142000},"page":"976-983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ophthalmologic manifestations of adult patients with cystic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2093-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Giannakouras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Ophthalmology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menelaos","family":"Kanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, Rio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filia","family":"Diamantea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Respiratory Medicine Department, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Marousi, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tzetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysanthi","family":"Koutsandrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Ophthalmology, G. 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