{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:39:36Z","timestamp":1792028376707,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to collect local Malaysian data regarding the ophthalmic features and complications in craniosynostosis patients who attended the Combined Craniofacial Clinic (CFC) in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study of medical notes of craniosynostosis patients who attended the CFC in UMMC from 2014 to December 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 37 patients, 29 had syndromic craniosynostosis, and 8 had non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Visual impairment was present in 32.1% of patients. Causes for visual impairment were as follows \u2013 amblyopia (25.0%), exposure keratopathy (3.6%), and optic atrophy (3.6%). Hypermetropia and myopia were each seen in 20.6% of patients. Astigmatism was seen in 47.1% of patients, and 29.1% had anisometropia. Proptosis was present in 78.6% and lagophthalmos in 53.3% of patients. Strabismus in primary position occurred in 51.7% of patients. Thirty-one percent of the patients had exposure keratopathy. Optic disc atrophy was seen in 13.7% of patients, and 8.3% had optic disc swelling. Optic disc swelling was resolved in all patients who underwent craniofacial surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our experience in Malaysia was consistent with previously reported data on ophthalmic features of craniosynostosis patients. Additionally, we found that non-syndromic craniosynostosis patients are also at risk of ocular complications just as much as syndromic patients. Appropriate treatment of amblyogenic risk factors, ocular complications, and timely detection of papilledema, and prompt surgical intervention are crucial in preserving long-term visual function in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211030093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T06:13:10Z","timestamp":1625465590000},"page":"1417-1423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ophthalmic features of craniosynostosis: A Malaysian experience"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3969-9413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Ashraf","family":"Rafique Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Malaya Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazliana","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Malaya Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choo","family":"May May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Malaya Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azlindarita Aisyah","family":"Mohd Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSU Medical Centre, Universiti Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"MSU Clinical Centre of Exellence, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurliza","family":"Khaliddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Malaya Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdaus","family":"Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainal Ariff","family":"Abdul Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tajunisah","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Malaya Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11206721211030093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1320063"},{"key":"bibr2-11206721211030093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31826704be"},{"key":"bibr3-11206721211030093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.12.037"},{"key":"bibr4-11206721211030093","volume-title":"GeneReviews\u00ae. 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