{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:35:02Z","timestamp":1777581302371,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to use Google Trends for evaluating the association between the internet searches of the term \u201cconjunctivitis\u201d and the daily new cases of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relative search volume (RSV) of conjunctivitis from January 1 to April 16, 2019 (control group), January 1 to April 16, 2020 (first wave), and October 1 to December 31, 2020 (second wave) was obtained using Google Trends in Italy, France, United Kingdom, and United States. The number of COVID-19 daily new cases in the same countries were retrieved from Worldometer. Lag time correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between RSV and daily new cases (Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the first wave, the lagged RSV of conjunctivitis was significantly correlated with the number of COVID-19 daily new cases in all investigated countries. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained with a lag of 16\u2009days in Italy ( R\u2009=\u20090.868), 18\u2009days in France ( R\u2009=\u20090.491), 15\u2009days in United Kingdom ( R\u2009=\u20090.883), and 14\u2009days in United States ( R\u2009=\u20090.484) (all p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Conversely, no significant correlations were found in the second wave and in the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Google Trends searches on conjunctivitis were significantly correlated with COVID-19 daily new cases during the first wave in Italy, France, United Kingdom, and United States, with a lag of 14\u201318\u2009days. Repeating the analysis for the second wave, however, no significant correlations were found in any of the investigated countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211042551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T05:40:52Z","timestamp":1629870052000},"page":"1947-1952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Emerging application of Google Trends searches on \u201cconjunctivitis\u201d for tracing the course of COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6419-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, S. 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