{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:43:15Z","timestamp":1790062995536,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tecnoquimicas SA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with the primary angle-closure disease spectrum in participants of the Colombian Glaucoma Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study in subjects older than 50 years with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or\/and systemic hypertension was conducted in Colombia to estimate glaucoma prevalence. This study included 1749 patients and classified them using gonioscopy into either open-angle or primary angle-closure disease spectrum groups. The patients in the primary angle-closure disease spectrum group were then subdivided into the following categories: primary angle-closure suspect, primary angle-closure, and primary angle-closure glaucoma. A logistic regression model was carried out to identify factors related to the primary angle-closure disease spectrum, including age, sex, height, and refraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of primary angle-closure disease spectrum was 19.3% (338) (95% CI: 17.5\u201321.2). The prevalence of primary angle-closure suspect, primary angle-closure, and primary angle-closure glaucoma was 8.0% (140) (95% CI: 6.8\u20139.4), 10.1% (176) (95% CI: 8.7\u201311.6), and 1.2% (22) (95% CI: 0.8\u20131.9), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, advanced age (+80 years), female sex, and high hyperopia ( p\u2009=\u20090.000, 0.021, and 0.001, respectively) were identified as independent factors related to the primary angle-closure disease spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high prevalence of primary angle-closure disease spectrum was found in Colombian patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or\/and systemic hypertension, especially primary angle-closure and primary angle-closure glaucoma. Age, female sex, and high hyperopia were identified as risk factors for the primary angle-closure disease spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211060153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T05:28:53Z","timestamp":1637299733000},"page":"942-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors for primary angle-closure disease spectrum: The Colombian glaucoma study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5755-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander M","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Blanco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Programme, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"VISOC, group Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Imbanaco Grupo Quir\u00f3n Salud, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3320-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika J","family":"Cantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Programme, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6006-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Valencia-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Programme, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"VISOC, group Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.12.003"},{"key":"bibr2-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224"},{"key":"bibr3-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12784"},{"key":"bibr4-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192"},{"key":"bibr5-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(80)90015-6","volume":"24","author":"Leibowitz HM","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr6-11206721211060153","first-page":"2683","volume":"38","author":"Wolfs RC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bibr7-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.9.1069"},{"key":"bibr8-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0342"},{"key":"bibr9-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301189"},{"key":"bibr10-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12763"},{"key":"bibr11-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.021"},{"key":"bibr12-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-S062"},{"key":"bibr13-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht151"},{"key":"bibr14-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojoph.2020.102012"},{"key":"bibr15-11206721211060153","first-page":"337","volume":"93","author":"Spaeth GL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"bibr16-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.2.238"},{"key":"bibr17-11206721211060153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.020016"},{"key":"bibr18-11206721211060153","unstructured":"Majumdar S, Tripathy K. 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