{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:04:07Z","timestamp":1793361847651,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report variation of choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in subjects with drusen and subjects with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) compared with healthy individuals using the Spectral-domain (SD)-Optical Coherence Tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-four participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients were imaged using the Heidelberg Spectralis device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) with EDI mode. EDI-OCT images were exported and then imported into image analysis ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda) and a semiautomated algorithm was used for subsequent quantitative analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated two choroidal parameters: (i) choroidal thickness (CT); (ii) choroidal vascularity index (CVI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT analysis was performed in three different regions: (i) foveal region, (ii) parafoveal region; (iii) perifoveal region. All the analyzed regions were significantly decreased in RPD pattern, as compared with both the drusen group ( p\u2009&lt;\u2009.005) and healthy eyes ( p\u2009&lt;\u2009.005). CVI was significantly decreased in the RPD pattern, as compared with healthy eyes ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). However, the drusenoid pattern did not have statistical significance in comparison with the control group suggesting the lower incidence of this pattern on choroidal vasculopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report CT and CVI difference in RPD and drusen eyes. The RPD pattern seems to be a consequence of an alteration in the choroidal vascularity resulting in severe ischemia and excessive hypoxia inducing an increased risk of late AMD compared to the drusenoid pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672121992009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T13:24:12Z","timestamp":1611840252000},"page":"460-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Choroidal structural changes in different intermediate AMD patterns"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0323-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Viggiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Toto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3781-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3278-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Porreca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic Studies, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Mastropasqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(80)90280-9"},{"key":"bibr2-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.008"},{"key":"bibr3-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-23960"},{"key":"bibr4-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.35"},{"key":"bibr5-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.318"},{"key":"bibr6-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14646"},{"key":"bibr7-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.12.034"},{"key":"bibr8-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199515030-00001"},{"key":"bibr9-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181f57e30"},{"key":"bibr10-1120672121992009","volume-title":"Treatments for dry macular degeneration","author":"BrightFocus Foundation","year":"2018"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr11-1120672121992009","first-page":"511","volume":"13","author":"Mimoun G","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"bibr12-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2001.140"},{"key":"bibr13-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2004.09.017"},{"key":"bibr14-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.02.009"},{"key":"bibr15-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7729"},{"key":"bibr16-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144156"},{"key":"bibr17-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.015"},{"key":"bibr18-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169152"},{"key":"bibr19-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.6.5"},{"key":"bibr20-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9692"},{"key":"bibr21-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.03.005"},{"key":"bibr22-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.06.016"},{"key":"bibr23-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002459"},{"key":"bibr24-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146344"},{"key":"bibr25-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036"},{"key":"bibr26-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20150521-06"},{"key":"bibr27-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8383"},{"key":"bibr28-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8755"},{"key":"bibr29-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002667"},{"key":"bibr30-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.04.018"},{"key":"bibr31-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.066"},{"key":"bibr32-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14447"},{"key":"bibr33-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8907"},{"key":"bibr34-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20161"},{"key":"bibr35-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21090"},{"key":"bibr36-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001040"},{"key":"bibr37-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.4.7"},{"key":"bibr38-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181ee5ce8"},{"key":"bibr39-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13338"},{"key":"bibr40-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-016-3375-1"},{"key":"bibr41-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316479."},{"key":"bibr42-1120672121992009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.5.11"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1120672121992009","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1120672121992009","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1120672121992009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:45:45Z","timestamp":1777405545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1120672121992009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1120672121992009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1120672121992009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]}}}