{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:41:24Z","timestamp":1777581684510,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the correlation of the worldwide prevalence of visual impairment and depressive disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is an ecologic study on Global Burden of Disease 2019 data. Global and national prevalence numbers and rates of vision impairment (VI) and depressive disorders were obtained from database. The human development index (HDI) and socio-demographic index (SDI) were derived from international open databases. Main outcome measures were the correlation of the VI and depressive disorders in total and different age, sex, and socioeconomic subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2019, the worldwide prevalence of total VI and total depressive disorders were 9.6% (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI): 8.0\u201311.3) and 3.8% (95% UI: 3.4-4.2), respectively. The prevalence rates of total VI (r\u2009=\u20090.38, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) as well as cataract (r\u2009=\u20090.43, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (r\u2009=\u20090.32, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), refractive disorders (r\u2009=\u20090.19, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and near vision loss (r\u2009=\u20090.33, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) correlated, positively, with dysthymia. In addition, the prevalence rates of glaucoma (r for total depressive disorders\u2009=\u20090.37, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and r for major depressive disorders (MDD)\u2009=\u20090.38, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and AMD (r for total depressive disorders\u2009=\u20090.37, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and r for MDD\u2009=\u20090.28, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) had a positive correlation with MDD and total depressive disorders. The correlations remained significant in sociodemographic subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant correlation between national prevalence rates of VI and ocular disabilities with depressive disorders, worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221086152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T12:23:16Z","timestamp":1647001396000},"page":"3227-3236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Correlation between global prevalence of vision impairment and depressive disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7420-7448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parya","family":"Abdolalizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, Eye Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5221-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalil","family":"Ghasemi Falavarjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, Eye Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30425-3"},{"key":"bibr2-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0610001S07"},{"key":"bibr3-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S258783"},{"key":"bibr4-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0181-7","volume":"12","author":"Court H","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"bibr5-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.009"},{"key":"bibr6-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12153"},{"key":"bibr7-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20374-5"},{"key":"bibr8-11206721221086152","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Cause and Risk Summaries. Available at http:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/results\/gbd_summaries\/2019\/. Accessed 6 May 2021."},{"key":"bibr9-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17538250810903774"},{"key":"bibr10-11206721221086152","unstructured":"Socio-demographic Index (SDI). available at http:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/taxonomy\/glossary\/socio-demographic-index-sdi. Accessed 6 May 2021."},{"key":"bibr11-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2007.00199.x"},{"key":"bibr12-11206721221086152","first-page":"1","volume":"29","author":"Trimmel J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"key":"bibr13-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1425.011"},{"key":"bibr14-11206721221086152","unstructured":"Eye health and universal health coverage. Available at https:\/\/www.iapb.org\/advocate\/eye-health-and-universal-health-coverage\/. Accessed 11 November 2021."},{"key":"bibr15-11206721221086152","unstructured":"Special initiative for mental health (2019\u20132023). Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/who-special-initiative-for-mental-health. Accessed 11 November 2021."},{"key":"bibr16-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200503000-00002"},{"key":"bibr17-11206721221086152","first-page":"173","volume":"103","author":"Brown GC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"bibr18-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S113414"},{"key":"bibr19-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2010.528137"},{"key":"bibr20-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.322.8737"},{"key":"bibr21-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S294618"},{"key":"bibr22-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.014"},{"key":"bibr23-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.11.1471"},{"key":"bibr24-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2013.787102"},{"key":"bibr25-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7"},{"key":"bibr26-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0811-5"},{"key":"bibr27-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316617"},{"key":"bibr28-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000327"},{"key":"bibr29-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001932"},{"key":"bibr30-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.10.019"},{"key":"bibr31-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1594"},{"key":"bibr32-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0382-2"},{"key":"bibr33-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200211000-00006"},{"key":"bibr34-11206721221086152","first-page":"289","volume":"2","author":"Katz L","year":"2014","journal-title":"Optom Vis Perf"},{"key":"bibr35-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0895"},{"key":"bibr36-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001070"},{"key":"bibr37-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580802399094"},{"key":"bibr38-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.9.1031"},{"key":"bibr39-11206721221086152","first-page":"e177613","volume":"12","author":"Wu Y","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"bibr40-11206721221086152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2979"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721221086152","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721221086152","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721221086152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:46:17Z","timestamp":1777405577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721221086152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721221086152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721221086152","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]}}}