{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:12:04Z","timestamp":1787019124685,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate changes in retrobulbar ocular blood flow parameters by using Colour Doppler Imaging (CDI) and changes in foveal microvasculature by using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in pediatric obese patients and to compare them with a group of healthy children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children diagnosed with obesity without hypertension and diabetes (39 subjects, obese group) and age-matched healthy controls (26 subjects, control group) underwent CDI and OCTA imaging. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity and resistivity index from ophthalmic, central retinal and posterior ciliary arteries on CDI; superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular density and foveal avascular zone area on OCTA imaging were obtained in each group. Central foveal and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were also measured. CDI and OCTA parameters were compared between two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities were found to be significantly lower in obese children than in controls in all three examined arteries (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Resistivity index values were similar between the groups. OCTA imaging did not reveal significant changes in superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular densities and foveal avascular zone area across analysed retinal regions between the groups. Subfoveal choroid was thicker in obese group than in control group (325.89\u2009\u00b1\u200952.77\u2005\u00b5m vs. 304.52\u2009\u00b1\u200921.76\u2005\u00b5m, p\u2009=\u20090.04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An apparent decrease was present in retrobulbar hemodynamics in obese children. This arises the possibility of early ocular macrovascular compromise rather than retinal microvascular impairment in childhood obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221086244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T07:23:13Z","timestamp":1646378593000},"page":"3556-3563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of the impact of childhood obesity on retrobulbar hemodynamics and retinal microvasculature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Gokhan","family":"Celik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8874-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Gunay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"Ozcabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Yeni Yuzyil University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6511-0348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulas","family":"Gulturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Kizilay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4484-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asli","family":"Vural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neslihan","family":"Ozkul Saglam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra Deniz","family":"Papatya Cakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Figen","family":"Palabiyik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5465-2635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betul","family":"Onal Gunay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadime Ulviye","family":"Yigit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Halic University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11206721221086244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000486512"},{"key":"bibr2-11206721221086244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2015.04.001"},{"key":"bibr3-11206721221086244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20190007"},{"key":"bibr4-11206721221086244","first-page":"886","volume":"20","author":"Dogan B","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol 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