{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T05:39:45Z","timestamp":1793252385444,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical phenotypes in Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) according to the patterns of affecting organs have different risks of malignancies. We attempt to determine the association of malignancies with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Review of medical records, orbital images and histopathology reports in a territory-wide cohort of biopsy proven IgG4-ROD patients from 2005\u20132019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 122 patients who had biopsies taken from adnexal lesions including lacrimal glands (n\u2009=\u2009108), orbital mass (n\u2009=\u200930), infiltrated orbital fat (n\u2009=\u200910), conjunctiva (n\u2009=\u20092) or extraocular muscles (n\u2009=\u20093), 13% (16\/122) developed malignancies over 73\u2009\u00b1\u200948months\u2019 follow-up. There were 9 cases of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and 7 extra-orbital malignancies. Compared with the general population, the incidence of OAL was significantly higher (standardized incidence ratios, SIRs\u2009=\u200910.0, 95%CI\u2009=\u20094.5\u201317.6) while that of extra-orbital malignancies was similar. The SIRs was highest within the first year (SIR\u2009=\u200946.7, 95%CI\u2009=\u200918.5\u201387.6) when 7 OAL were concomitantly diagnosed. Patients who developed OAL or extra-orbital malignancies were older than other patients at IgG4-ROD diagnosis (64.9\u2009\u00b1\u20097.1, 68.3\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5 versus 55.2\u2009\u00b1\u200915.0 years, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Asymmetric lacrimal gland enlargement (78% versus 13%), lack of frontal (0% versus 12%) or infraorbital nerve enlargement (0% versus 36%) were associated with OAL (all P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Pre-treatment serum IgG4 level or extra-orbital IgG4-RD involvement was similar among patients with or without malignancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this biopsy-proven IgG4-ROD cohort, 7% developed OAL which was 10 times higher than the general population. Patients with asymmetric lacrimal gland enlargement or without trigeminal nerves involvement radiologically were associated with OAL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221102274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T12:32:20Z","timestamp":1654691540000},"page":"171-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Malignancies in Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9579-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth K.H.","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmy Y.M.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regine Y.C.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4995-0819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth C.W.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy K.S.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Cheuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.H.","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy C.O.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce K.Y.","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. H.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy S.W.","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. C.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida Y. F.","family":"Io","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Caritas Medical Center, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa S.T.","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth K.W.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. M.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson W. K.","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvin L.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Callie K.L.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon T. 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