{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:37:50Z","timestamp":1792165070891,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]],"date-time":"2022-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis causes low-grade systemic inflammation e.g., through circulatory periodontal endotoxins, and it has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and wet age-related macular degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the association between clinical severity of periodontitis and aqueous flare levels in the eyes. Patients with periodontitis (N\u2009=\u200915) who underwent periodontal treatment by a specialized dentist between the years 2020 and 2021 at the Chin and Mouth Disease Unit, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland were enrolled. Aqueous flare levels, a surrogate marker for blood-aqueous and blood-retinal-barrier disruption, were measured using Laser Flare Meter (FM-600, Kowa Company, Ltd., Nagoya, Japan) before and right after the periodontal treatment and at 3 months. The number of teeth, periodontal probing depth (PPD), periodontal pathogens and antimicrobial treatment were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, aqueous flare levels correlated with the number of clinically-relevant PPD (&gt;5\u2005mm) pockets (R\u2009=\u20090.789, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and inversely correlated with the number of teeth (R\u2009=\u2009\u22120.587, P\u2009=\u20090.035). At baseline, aqueous flare levels were 15.39\u2009\u00b1\u200913.24 photon units (pu)\/ms among patients with periodontal pathogens, compared with 3.29\u2009\u00b1\u20091.67\u2005pu\/ms among those without any peridontal pathogens in PCR ( P\u2009=\u20090.018). At 3 months compared to baseline values, aqueous flare levels were reduced to &lt;50% from baseline among 6 patients (40%), whereas the levels increased to &gt;200% from baseline in 1 patient (7%) (repeated measures ANOVA, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.026).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poor periodontal status was associated with blood-ocular-barrier breakdown. These findings could expand our understanding of the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets against retinal vascular diseases and systemic comorbidities in patients with periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221146672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:32:22Z","timestamp":1671409942000},"page":"1473-1479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association between periodontitis and blood-ocular barrier disruption"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minna","family":"Karesvuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Retina Research Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Health Services Dental Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, 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