{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:47:51Z","timestamp":1785257271540,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this study were to analyze retinal and choroidal changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-Angiography (OCT-A) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and compare them to other forms of major dementia. We also aimed to analyze the correlation between clinical severity of global cognitive deficiency assessed by the mini-mental state exam (MMSE) score and OCT\/OCT-A parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cross-sectional evaluative study of AD, and age-and gender-matched patients with other dementias. Fundus examination, OCT and OCT-A were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-one eyes of AD patients and 53 eyes of patients with other dementias were included. Retinal deposits were found in 6.59% of AD cases. OCT highlighted the presence of hyperreflective deposits and localized areas of outer retina and ellipsoid zone disruption, respectively in 20.87% and 15.38% of AD cases. Hyperreflective foci were noted within inner retinal layers in 4.39% of AD cases. Quantitative analysis revealed a thicker nasal retinal nerve fiber layer (p\u2009=\u20090.001) and ganglion cell complex in superior (p\u2009=\u20090.011) and temporal quadrants (p\u2009=\u20090.009) in eyes of AD patients, compared to other dementias. OCT-A showed a significantly higher fractal dimension of both superficial and deep capillary plexus (p\u2009=\u20090.005), with lower choriocapillaris density (p\u2009=\u20090.003) in AD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structural OCT could highlight the presence of hyperreflective deposits in AD, probably reflecting beta-amyloid deposits, associated to outer retinal disruptions. Quantitative OCT analysis showed structural differences between AD patients and other dementias, and combined OCT-A could identify microvascular changes in AD patients representing new potential differential diagnosis criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221148952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T03:22:00Z","timestamp":1673234520000},"page":"1706-1717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Optical coherence tomography and angiography in Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Moussa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology B, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 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