{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:39:06Z","timestamp":1785832746560,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PA 4282\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA 4282\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gyrate atrophy (GA) is a rare retinal dystrophy due to biallelic pathogenic variants in the ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) gene, causing a 10-fold increase in plasma ornithine levels. It is characterized by circular patches of chorioretinal atrophy. However, a GA-like retinal phenotype (GALRP) without elevated ornithine levels has also been reported. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of GA and GALRP and to identify possible discriminators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter, retrospective chart review was performed at three German referral centres on patient records between 01\/01\/2009 and 31\/12\/2021. Records were screened for patients affected by GA or GALRP. Only patients with examination results for plasma ornithine levels and \/ or genetic testing of the OAT gene were included. Further clinical data was gathered where available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten patients (5 female) were included in the analysis. Three suffered from GA, while seven had a GALRP. Mean age (\u00b1 SD) at onset of symptoms was 12.3 (\u00b1 3.5) years for GA compared with 46.7 (\u00b1 14.0) years for GALRP patients (p\u2009=\u20090.002). Mean degree of myopia was higher in GA (\u22128.0 dpt.\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6) compared to GALRP patients (\u22123.8 dpt.\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8, p\u2009=\u20090.04). Interestingly, all GA patients showed macular oedema, while only one GALRP patient did. Only one patient with GALRP had a positive family history, while two were immunosuppressed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age of onset, refraction and presence of macular cystoid cavities appear to be discriminators between GA and GALRP. GALRP may encompass both genetic and non-genetic subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231178147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T03:06:23Z","timestamp":1684811183000},"page":"79-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical characteristics of gyrate atrophy compared with a gyrate atrophy-like retinal phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7671-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Pauleikhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Weisschuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lentzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Spital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Franziskus Eye Center, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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