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Recovery from amblyopia requires significant visual cortex neuroplasticity, i.e. the ability of the central nervous system and its synaptic connections to adapt their structure and function. There is a high level of neuroplasticity in early development and, historically, neuroplastic responses to changes in visual experience were thought to be restricted to a \u201ccritical period\u201d in early life. However, as our review now shows, the evidence is growing that plasticity of the adult visual system can also be harnessed to improve vision in amblyopia. Amblyopia treatment involves correcting refractive error to ensure clear and equal retinal image formation in both eyes, then, if necessary, promoting the use of the amblyopic eye by hindering or reducing visual input from the better eye through patching or pharmacologic therapy. Early treatment in children can lead to visual acuity gains and the development of binocular vision in some cases; however, many children do not respond to treatment, and many adults with amblyopia have historically been untreated or undertreated. Here we review the current evidence on how dichoptic training can be used as a novel binocular therapeutic approach to facilitate visual processing of input from the amblyopic eye and can simultaneously engage both eyes in a training task that requires binocular integration. It is a novel and promising treatment for amblyopia in both children and adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231187426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T02:21:27Z","timestamp":1689042087000},"page":"901-912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Harnessing brain plasticity to improve binocular vision in amblyopia: An evidence-based update"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Science, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Concetta Morrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Lozama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard A.","family":"Sabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2576117X.2020.1841710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.2.467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318257a187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","article-title":"Critical periods in amblyopia","volume":"35","author":"Hensch TK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hensch TK, Quinlan EM. 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