{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:36:35Z","timestamp":1777581395303,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG 058738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG 058738"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose\/Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the birth prevalence and natural history of congenital corneal opacities among a population-based cohort of children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of patients &lt;5 years diagnosed with a congenital onset corneal opacity while residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1977, through December 31, 2016, were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen patients were diagnosed with a congenital corneal opacity during the 40-year study period for a birth prevalence of 1 in 5188 live births. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.5 months (range 0\u201348 months) and 9 (64.3%) were males. Four patients had congenital glaucoma, 4 had limbal dermoids, 2 had sclerocornea, and 1 patient each had Descemet's tear from birth trauma, herpes simplex virus type 1 keratitis, corneal leukoma, and an undiagnosed scar. Six (42.8%) patients required treatment for their underlying corneal opacity including the four patients with congenital glaucoma. The other 8 (57.1%) patients had a clear central axis. Four (28.6%) of 14 patients required amblyopia therapy, and 4 (28.6%) developed strabismus. Four (28.6%) patients had associated systemic conditions. During a mean follow up of 5.4 years (range 1.3\u201327.0 years), the median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was logmar 0.16 (20\/25) (range 20\/20-hand motion) with one patient with unilateral BCVA less than 20\/60 and one patient with bilateral BCVA less than 20\/60.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this 40-year cohort, congenital corneal opacities were relatively rare and the result of a variety of disorders. Although amblyopia and strabismus occurred commonly, most patients had good visual outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231202900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:57:25Z","timestamp":1695603445000},"page":"734-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Birth prevalence and characteristics of congenital corneal opacities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Kaitlynn","family":"Borik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7678-8090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian G.","family":"Mohney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2588-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980217)75:5<497::AID-AJMG8>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13816819209046487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"Congenital eye malformations in 212,479 consecutive births","volume":"40","author":"Stoll C","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stoll C, Alembik Y, Dott B, et al. Congenital eye malformations in 212,479 consecutive births. Ann. Genet 1997; 40: 122\u2013128.","journal-title":"Ann. Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000182"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20200023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1081-54"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"The epidemiological and clinical findings from the Latvian Registry of primary congenital glaucoma and evaluation of prognostic factors","volume":"57","author":"Elksne E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elksne E, Baumane K, Ozolins A, et al. The epidemiological and clinical findings from the Latvian Registry of primary congenital glaucoma and evaluation of prognostic factors. Med 2021; 57: 44.","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000126317.90271.d8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199717040-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13816819009012958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19880101-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.144042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.09.006"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721231202900","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721231202900","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721231202900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:45:32Z","timestamp":1777405532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721231202900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721231202900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721231202900","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]]}}}