{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:37:21Z","timestamp":1777581441257,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the quantitative measurements obtained for vessel density (VD) of the optic nerve head, macula, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (p-RNFL) and total retinal thicknesses (Trt) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and the choroidal vascular structure using an image binarization method in children with epilepsy using three different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and to compare these measurements with healthy participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational, cross-sectional study included 124 patients divided into 4 groups: Group-1: patients receiving carbamazepine(n\u2009=\u200930), group-2: patients receiving levetiracetam (n\u2009=\u200931), group-3: patients receiving valproic acid (n\u2009=\u200932), and group 4: healthy controls (n\u2009=\u200931).A fully automated microstructural analysis of the VD of the retinal superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and the choriocapillaris (CC) layers and radial peripapillary capillary, and Trt, p-RNFL thickness were analyzed by using OCT-A. Enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT scans of the macula were obtained and the images were binarized using the ImageJ software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age, gender distribution and the duration of epilepsy were similar in all groups. Evaluation of the p-RNFL thickness and perifoveal Trt between the groups showed a statistically significant difference in all quadrants.The p-RNFL thickness was lower in patients receiving carbamazepine and valproic acid. The lowest values of the luminal area and choroidal vascular index (CVI) were found in patients receiving valproic acid; comparison with matched healthy controls showed statistically significant differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Valproic acid and carbamazepine are associated with thinning of the p-RNFL in epilepsy patients, but the macular and radial peripapillary VD were not affected.However, a reduction of choroidal vascular blood flow was found in epilepsy patients taking valproic acid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231207507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T02:26:32Z","timestamp":1697595992000},"page":"843-851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ocular hemodynamics in epileptic children treated with antiepileptic drugs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Pembe","family":"Gultutan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara City Hospital, Children's Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1582-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinar","family":"Nalcacioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6939-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Icoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yozgat City Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara City Hospital, Children's Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aysegul Nese","family":"Citak Kurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3908"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2004.04304.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11533180-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.1.96"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57193-5_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Brief seizures induce a severe ischemic\/hypoxic episode","volume":"53","author":"Teskey GC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teskey GC, Farrell JS. 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