{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:55:34Z","timestamp":1792788934245,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>External dacryocystorhinostomy (ext-DCR) is still considered the gold standard in the treatment of distal lacrimal duct obstruction. Despite an overall high success rate, some patients do relapse after surgery and the ideal perioperative management has not been identified yet. The purpose of this study is to critically discuss the published evidence in the last five years on the medical and surgical management of external dacryocystorhinostomy. Furthermore, the drawbacks of the available literature and the perspectives in this field will be also highlighted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review of the literature in the last 5 years by using PubMed and Google Scholar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 64 articles were included. Many technical modifications and surgical refinements have been proposed but a formal comparison among the various techniques is hampered by methodological heterogeneity. The use of local anesthesia, and the perioperative adjunctive techniques to reduce the risk of restenosis are also gaining popularity but the level of evidence remains weak.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ext-DCR offers satisfactory clinical outcomes even though there are many gray areas that need to be addressed in future high-quality studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721241249214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T01:04:51Z","timestamp":1714525491000},"page":"12-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["External dacryocystorhinostomy: A critical overview of the current evidence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Luca Giovanni","family":"Locatello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Hospital \u201cSanta Maria della Misericordia\u201d, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9379-2704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico Redolfi","family":"De Zan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine - Ophthalmology , University of Udine, Udine, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tarantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine - Ophthalmology , University of Udine, Udine, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3746-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Lanzetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine - Ophthalmology , University of Udine, Udine, Italy."},{"name":"Istituto Europeo di Microchirurgia Oculare (IEMO), Udine and Milan, Italy."},{"name":"University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0059-7148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesare","family":"Miani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Hospital \u201cSanta Maria della Misericordia\u201d, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy."},{"name":"University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.06.009"},{"key":"bibr2-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2019.1677726"},{"key":"bibr3-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2022.2109178"},{"key":"bibr4-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820972677"},{"key":"bibr5-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-suppl.1-41-2021-10"},{"key":"bibr6-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-018-0535-0"},{"key":"bibr7-11206721241249214","volume":"18","author":"Haddaway NR","year":"2022","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr8-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2022.2058021"},{"key":"bibr9-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0201-5"},{"key":"bibr10-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/nepjoph.v11i1.25413"},{"key":"bibr11-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001836"},{"key":"bibr12-11206721241249214","first-page":"25","volume":"7","author":"Aytogan H","year":"2022","journal-title":"Beyoglu Eye J"},{"key":"bibr13-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211035616"},{"key":"bibr14-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103127"},{"key":"bibr15-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01468-3"},{"key":"bibr16-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_925_22"},{"key":"bibr17-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02789-w"},{"key":"bibr18-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_616_18"},{"key":"bibr19-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22699"},{"key":"bibr20-11206721241249214","volume":"4","author":"Phelps PO","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr21-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892420945218"},{"key":"bibr22-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05076-4"},{"key":"bibr23-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02104-4"},{"key":"bibr24-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211059702"},{"key":"bibr25-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005300"},{"key":"bibr26-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.177.3.2243969"},{"key":"bibr27-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672121994747"},{"key":"bibr28-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2021.1975770"},{"key":"bibr29-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2019.01.009"},{"key":"bibr30-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001235"},{"key":"bibr31-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004730"},{"key":"bibr32-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1713-3714"},{"key":"bibr33-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2023.2168017"},{"key":"bibr34-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1950_21"},{"key":"bibr35-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3328_22"},{"key":"bibr36-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S221293"},{"key":"bibr37-11206721241249214","first-page":"790","volume":"5","author":"Abd El Fattah MY","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty Girls"},{"key":"bibr38-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.10.003"},{"key":"bibr39-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131809700808"},{"key":"bibr40-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2023.09.14"},{"key":"bibr41-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102677"},{"key":"bibr42-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oftal.2022.03.004"},{"key":"bibr43-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oftal.2023.03.012"},{"key":"bibr44-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90535-3"},{"key":"bibr45-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2021.07.002"},{"key":"bibr46-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2023.04.07"},{"key":"bibr47-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02709-y"},{"key":"bibr48-11206721241249214","first-page":"14","volume":"67","author":"Evereklioglu C","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rom J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr49-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005829"},{"key":"bibr50-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004881"},{"key":"bibr51-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001039"},{"key":"bibr52-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418815044"},{"key":"bibr53-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2022.03.07"},{"key":"bibr54-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1948_20"},{"key":"bibr55-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06975-3"},{"key":"bibr56-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-02982-8"},{"key":"bibr57-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20200007"},{"key":"bibr58-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001802"},{"key":"bibr59-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221132746"},{"key":"bibr60-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_452_21"},{"key":"bibr61-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3043_20"},{"key":"bibr62-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2018.32.4494"},{"key":"bibr63-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-245424"},{"key":"bibr64-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240942"},{"key":"bibr65-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.02.017"},{"key":"bibr66-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0662-1"},{"key":"bibr67-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_318_21"},{"key":"bibr68-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2019.1688360"},{"key":"bibr69-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1107_17"},{"key":"bibr70-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001016"},{"key":"bibr71-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2020.08.005"},{"key":"bibr72-11206721241249214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2018.1501396"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721241249214","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721241249214","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721241249214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:46:25Z","timestamp":1777405585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721241249214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721241249214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721241249214","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]}}}