{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:55:20Z","timestamp":1789646120369,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study the effect on the tear film in blepharospasm (BEB), facial hemispasm (FH), or aberrant regeneration (AR) treated with Botulinum Toxin (BTX-A).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective study was used to evaluate the tear film in patients with BEB, FH, or AR treated with BTX-A. Schirmer tests, break-up time (BUT), optical coherence tomography (OCT) meniscus measurement, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and Oxford scale were documented before; 1 month after; and 3 months after BTX-A treatment. Comparisons were made with the Friedman test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 35 eyes from 27 patients were included. The mean patient age was 66.81\u2009\u00b1\u200912.94 years and 18 (66.7%) were female. Ten (37%) patients had BEB, six (22.2%) had FH, and 11 (40.74%) had AR. BTX-A improved the lid spasms. One month after BTX-A, Schirmer tests showed slight increments (Schirmer 1 p\u2009=\u20090.009; Schirmer 2 p\u2009=\u20090.05) and at 3 months they became similar to pre-treatment ( p\u2009=\u20090.5). The BUT test was not significantly different at 1 month ( p\u2009=\u20090.450) or at 3 months. On OCT 1 month after BTX-A, there was an increase in tear meniscus area ( p\u2009=\u20090.004), height ( p\u2009=\u20090.007), and depth ( p\u2009=\u20090.004), and at 3 months the measurements also became similar to the pre-BTX-A values. No significant changes in the OSDI ( p\u2009=\u20090.717) and Oxford scale ( p\u2009=\u20090.255).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OCT is a good tool to detect the increase in tear meniscus after periocular BTX-A in BEB, FH, and AR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721241266008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T04:36:50Z","timestamp":1721968610000},"page":"722-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Objective assessment of tear film in blepharospasm, facial hemispam and aberrant regeneration with periocular botulinum toxin-A"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8854-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Galindo-Ferreiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Fraile Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6938-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvana","family":"Schellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2695-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hortensia","family":"Sanchez-Tocino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11206721241266008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hallett M, Evinger C, Jankovic J, et al. 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