{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:44:39Z","timestamp":1777581879516,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the progression of geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration over a five-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eyes with GA included to assess demographic data, yearly optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings and the GA growth rate on infra-red (IR) images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 41 eyes of 29 patients were included with a mean age of 81.76\u2009\u00b1\u20096.37 at baseline, and 65.51% were females. Over five years, there was a significant increase in the mean GA area from 8.44\u2009\u00b1\u20098.98\u2005mm\u00b2 to 13.32\u2009\u00b1\u200910.07\u2005mm\u00b2 (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with an annual growth rate of 1.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.78\u2005mm\u00b2. The annual growth rates in females were slightly higher compared to males (1.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.89 mm2 vs 0.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49 mm2, p\u2009=\u20090.569), and in smokers was slightly higher than non-smokers (1.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.85 mm2 vs 0.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.66 mm2, p\u2009=\u20090.100). Larger GA areas at the baseline showed higher GA progression in mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      per year (P\u2009=\u20090.04). Smaller GA areas and fovea-spared GA at the baseline exhibited a larger percentage increase (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and P\u2009=\u20090.015, respectively). There was a lower GA progression rate in eyes with outer retinal tubulations (ORT) (P\u2009=\u20090.027), yet no significant correlation was found between GA progression and other OCT features.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smaller, fovea-sparing GA eyes experienced a more substantial proportional increase over five years. Also, The presence of ORT was associated with a slower rate of GA progression. Additionally, we observed a trend of faster GA growth in smokers and female genders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721241287252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T04:16:42Z","timestamp":1729743402000},"page":"996-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Geographic atrophy progression secondary to age-related macular degeneration: Five years of follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3802-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3887-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Valsecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharat Chandra","family":"Vupparaboina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunaal","family":"Mehrotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiran Kumar","family":"Vupparaboina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep Chandra","family":"Bollepalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose-Alain","family":"Sahel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6472-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew W","family":"Eller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8932-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Chhablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Vajzovic L Carolyn Majcher O. 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