{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:41:38Z","timestamp":1779198098768,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the case of a patient with ocular West Nile virus infection (WNVI) and to describe the demographics, eye characteristics, and treatment of patients with WNVI reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic literature search using the PubMed MEDLINE database searching for all cases of ocular WNVI published from inception until October 14, 2023. Inclusion criteria were patients with serologic and\/or cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis of WNVI with ocular involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 60 patients (111 eyes), including the present case, were included. Most patients were males (57%), diagnosed in the United States (77%), and with a mean age at presentation of 54 years. The median time elapsed between the viral prodrome, and eye symptoms was 7 days. Neurologic involvement was present in 47 (78%) patients. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent systemic comorbidity (45%). Posterior segment findings were present in 107 (96%) eyes. Multifocal chorioretinal lesions (86%), vitreous inflammation (51%), intraretinal hemorrhages (43%), and retinal vasculitis (21%) were the most frequent findings. Fluorescein angiography was performed in 88 (79%) eyes. Fifty-seven (51%) eyes did not receive treatment. Topical and systemic steroids were prescribed to 35% and 28% of eyes, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WNVI should be considered as a potential diagnosis in older patients who exhibit posterior uveitis, especially if they have recently experienced flu-like symptoms and have been exposed to mosquitoes. A comprehensive ocular assessment, which includes a dilated fundus examination and ocular imaging studies, can help raise suspicion for this condition even before serological confirmation is obtained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721241304150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T03:18:58Z","timestamp":1733887138000},"page":"844-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ocular manifestations of West Nile virus infection: A case report and systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7022-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul E","family":"Ruiz-Lozano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidra","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ocular Immunology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meghan K","family":"Berkenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ocular Immunology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Liberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ocular Immunology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10100530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1940.s1-20.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"Ocular manifestation of West Nile virus: a vanishing disease in North America?","volume":"42","author":"Chan CK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chan CK. 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