{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:37:24Z","timestamp":1793504244413,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myopia is a refractive error where distant objects are not clearly seen and appear blurred. Goal of this study was to evaluate long-term effectiveness of Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) therapy for children with myopia, which primarily focused on Axial length (AL) and Spherical Equivalent Refraction (SER) as primary endpoints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The research compared outcomes between RLRL treatment with Single Vision Spectacles (SVS) for childhood myopia management. We performed a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases using \u201cMyopia\u201d and \u201c Repeated Low-Level Red Light \u201c. Mean differences (MD) were estimated and the effects of therapies measured. Publication bias and heterogeneity analysis were carried out by Inverted Precision Effect Test-Precision Effect Estimate Standard Error (PET-PEESE) (and subsequent Search Sequential Analysis) and Tau test. Bayesian meta-analysis was performed using Jaffrey Amazing Statistical Package (JASP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta-analysis comprised 1,714 participants: 824 in RLRL and 890 in SVS group. Pooled effect size for AL reduction was 0.953\u2009\u00b1\u20090.294, (95% credible interval (CI) 0.775 to 0.980). Pooled effect size for SER reduction was 1.521\u2009\u00b1\u20090.662 (95% CI 0.102 to 2.736). PET-PEESE analysis revealed no significant publication bias (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value 0.407). Random effects models were employed for presence of significant heterogeneity (3.9 and 5.7 for AL; 5.7 for SER), alongside degree of variation (0.828 &amp; 1.665) for Tau (\u03c4), which estimates the between-study variance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term observations indicate that RLRL treatment significantly influences myopia management, leading to considerable reductions in both AL and SER. Additional research is essential to investigate potential long-term rebound effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721251314541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T05:23:17Z","timestamp":1740115397000},"page":"1432-1444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long-term effect of repeated low-level red light therapy on myopia control: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3254-5585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saif","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Farooq","family":"Umer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suriyakala Perumal","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicines, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 4730, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/519276a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of myopia in high-school students in Beijing","volume":"10","author":"Wu LJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu LJ, You QS, Duan JL, et al. 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