{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:18:16Z","timestamp":1777580296619,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) induces ischemia that triggers the release of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- \u03b1). We aimed at measuring TNF- \u03b1 level in vitreous samples of treatment na\u00efve RVO patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      this is a case control study. The study was conducted on 45 eyes (20 eyes with treatment na\u00efve RVO associated with macular edema &amp; 25 eyes of patients undergoing cataract surgery as control). Vitreous samples were collected using 25 gauge needle connected to 1 milliliters (ml) syringe and the level of TNF- \u03b1 was assessed using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Kits\n                      <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of RVO cases was 51.50\u2009\u00b1\u200912.86 years while controls was 55.76\u2009\u00b1\u20096.88 years (P value =0.192). Vitreous level of TNF-\u03b1 was statistically significant higher in RVO patients [4.92\u2009\u00b1\u20090.74 picograms (pg)\/ ml] than control [3.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.60 pg\/ml]; p value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001. Vitreous TNF-\u03b1 level in ischemic and non-ischemic RVO subgroups was 4.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.69 pg\/ml and 4.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.89 pg\/ml respectively that wasn\u2019t statistically significant (p value\u2009=\u20090.885) and its level in branch and central RVO subgroups was 5.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79 pg\/ml and 4.84\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73pg\/ml respectively not statistically significant (p value\u2009=\u20090.592).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TNF-\u03b1 level is increased in vitreous of RVO associated macular edema patients, thus, it may be involved in its pathogenesis and Anti-TNF-\u03b1 might be used as treatment targets in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721251332791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T10:51:27Z","timestamp":1744714287000},"page":"1710-1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitreous level of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9537-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Attya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"department of ophthalmology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"department of ophthalmology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif Ali","family":"Gamal Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"department of ophthalmology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riham Assem","family":"Elessawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Abdallah","family":"Mohalhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"department of ophthalmology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17554\/j.issn.2409-5680.2016.02.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680701851902"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/582060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3180318fbc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"756","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of vitreous chemokines involved in ischemic retinal vein occlusion","volume":"25","author":"Zeng Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng Y, Cao D, Yu H, et al. 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